EAST COUNTY FIRE & RESCUE گره ها
اسلاید 1: EAST COUNTY FIRE & RESCUEROPE RESCUE MANUAL
اسلاید 2: This manual will reference other publications such as NFPA 1983 Standard on Fire Service Life Safety Rope and System ComponentsAndNFPA 1006 Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications 2000 EditionThis manual is meant to be a basic guide for the skills and equipment necessary for an effective technical rescue rope team. Included are commonly used knots, anchor systems, belay and hauling systems.Compiled byJim LudwigContributors:Dale DawsonDay DurrettLinda DurrettLarry LiehrPam Maxey
اسلاید 3: COMMAND AND CONTROL INCIDENT COMMANDER - On scene commander. May or may not be filled by a Technical Rescue SpecialistRESCUE GROUP SUPERVISOR - Reports to 1C or OPERATIONS in the incident command system. Preferably a Tech Team Leader or Technician. TEAM LEADER – Decides:Who rigs itWhat gets riggedWhere it gets rigged CONTROL - They give the specific commands. (see next page)BELAYER - Operating the belay or safety line. (first person tobe asked if ready!)BRAKEMAN - Operating the main line. (becomes haul teamleader during raising ops)EDGEMAN and / or SPOTTER - Maintains positivecommunications with rescuer during all phases of the rescue.VECTORMAN (S) - Assist with rope movement during specificphases of rope operations. May be assigned to haul team asneeded.RESCUER (S) - Person(s) on rope or at risk who performsaccording to plan the rescue. (last person to be asked ifready before any movement of the system!)
اسلاید 4: COMMUNICATIONSOften distance or noise will hinder communication.Standardized commands will be used to help insure the proper action at the proper time.Where their use would aid rescue, FRS/GMRS radios may be used for enhanced communication. Use Channel 9 with no privacy codes. (Channels 8 through 14 are FRS frequencies with no license required)CommandsVertical Environment UP (may include rope color, i.e., UP ON BLUE)DOWNSTOPHorizontal Environment (i.e. Highline) INOUTFeedbackRepeating the command back to the CONTROL person insures the command was interpreted correctly. BELAY ON? (Statement)BELAY ON! (Response)BELAY OFF? (Statement)BELAY OFF! (Response)
اسلاید 5: KNOTS & HITCHESNFPA 1006 Standard for Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications 2000 Edition3-5 Ropes/Rigging.3-5.1 Tie knots, bends and hitches, given ropes and webbing, so that the knots are properly dressed, recognizable, and safetys as required.(a) Requisite Knowledge: Knot efficiency, proper knot utilization, rope construction, rope terminology, and methods of safety,(b) Requisite Skills: Tie representative knots, bends, or hitches for the following purposes:(1) End of line loop(2) Midline loop(3) Securing rope around desired objects(4) Joining rope or webbing ends together(5) Gripping ropeNFPA defines rescuer skills
اسلاید 6: CONSIDERATIONSKNOTS ARE SELECTED FOR THEIR SIMPLICITY, STRENGTH, MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS AND USES AND FOR THEIR EASE OF RECOGNITION.• SIMPLICITY IS IMPORTANT WHEN SELECTING A KNOT, KEEPING IN MIND THAT MANY KNOTS ARE TIED UNDER STRESS AND INCLEMENT ENVIRONMENTS. THIS DOES NOT IMPLY, HOWEVER, THAT YOU MAY EMPLOY ANY KNOT THAT COMES TO MIND. THE UNIT HAS PRE-SELECTED APPROVED KNOTS, HITCHES AND BENDS THAT HAVE BEEN TESTED AND MEET STRICT CRITERIA.• STRENGTH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT WHEN SELECTING A KNOT FOR THE APPLICATION. MANY KNOTS WOULD PROBABLY WORK, BUT MANY WOULD NOT HAVE THE SAME EFFICIENCY. FOR EXAMPLE: A DOUBLE FIGURE 8 KNOT IS ~ 5% STRONGER THAN A SINGLE LOOP FIGURE 8, AND 15% STRONGER THAN A BOWLINE.• THERE ARE OVER 15 KNOTS THAT THE TECHNICAL RESCUE TEAM USES IN ITS SYSTEMS AND RIGGINGS. THERE ARE MANY MORE THAN THAT AVAILABLE IN THE RIGGERS TOOLBOX; HOWEVER, IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT WHILE MANY KNOTS DO THE SAME THING, KEEPING THE SYSTEMS SIMPLE IS CRUCIAL THIS ALLOWS THE SAFETY OFFICER TO RAPIDLY CHECK THE SYSTEM, QUICKLY IDENTIFYING KNOTS THAT ARE TIED CORRECTLY, BECAUSE OF FREQUENT TYING AND USE OF A SELECT FEW KNOTS.SELECTION KNOTS ARE SELECTED FOR THEIR EFFICIENCY. THIS MEANS THAT SOME ARE MORE EFFICIENT THAN OTHERS. AN EXAMPLE OF THIS RATING IS A ROPE THAT IS RATED AT 50% EFFICIENT. THIS MEANS IF THE ROPE IS RATED AT 9000#, AND A FIGURE 8 KNOT IS TIED INTO IT, THE ROPE IS NOW ONLY 4500# RATED. SOME KNOTS ARE SELECTED BECAUSE THEY ELIMINATE EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS CARABINERS, OR PROVIDE MULTIPLE DIRECTIONS OF LOADING. OTHERS ARE SELECTED FOR THEIR SIMPLICITY IN TYING AND VERIFYING, AND UNTYING WHEN LOADED.KNOTS & HITCHES
اسلاید 7: FIGURE 8 FAMILY”• THESE KNOTS ARE USED FOR TYING PERSONNEL INTO SYSTEMS, ATTACHING RIGGING TO ANCHORS, AND ROPES TO LITTERS. THEY ARE TYPICALLY 75-80% EFFICIENT. A FIGURE 8 FOLLOW THROUGH IS USED TO ATTACH TWO ROPES TOGETHER, OR FOR TYING PERSONNEL DIRECTLY INTO A SYSTEM. THIS FAMILY OF KNOTS IS THE MOST POPULAR OF ALL THE KNOT CHOICES IN RESCUE WORK.BOWLINE• THIS KNOT IS ALSO USED FOR TYING PERSONNEL DIRECTLY INTO A SYSTEM. IT IS ALSO USED WHEN A HEAVY LOAD IS EXPECTED ON A KNOT AND NEEDS TO BE EASILY UNTIED. BECAUSE OF THIS FEATURE, A BACK-UP OR SAFETY OVERHAND KNOT MUST BE USED. THIS KNOT IS ONLY 65% EFFICIENT.WATER KNOT (FOLLOW THROUGH)• THIS KNOT IS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH WEBBING. IT IS EASILY SLIPPED, AND THEREFORE, A OVERHAND SAFETY MUST ALSO BE USED. THE KNOT IS THE PREFERRED CHOICE WHEN TYING RUNNERS OR WHEN CREATING ANCHORS MADE OF TUBULAR WEBBING. IT IS 80% EFFICIENT.DOUBLE FISHERMANS (BARREL KNOT)• THIS KNOT IS USED WHEN TYING TWO PIECES OF ROPE OR CORDAGE TOGETHER. IT IS THE PREFERRED KNOT WHEN CREATING PRUSIKS. THERE IS NO PUBLISHED EFFICIENCY RATING ON THIS KNOT.MUNTER HITCH• A HITCH RATHER THAN A KNOT, THIS IS USED TO BELAY PERSONNEL OR GEAR, AND ALSO FOR PERSONAL RAPPELLING. THIS HITCH IS NOT TO BE USED FOR RESCUE LOADS OR MORE THAN TWO PEOPLE.KNOTS & HITCHES
اسلاید 8: Basic Figure 8Can be used as a “stopper” or the start of a Figure 8 Follow-ThroughFigure 8 On a Bite with Overhand SafetyAlso a finished Figure 8 Follow-ThroughDouble Figure 8 with Overhand Safety
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