صفحه 1:
GROO POGITMIOG
@®@®OWML1
صفحه 2:
Clinically important Gram
positive bacilli
Spore forming Bacilli w/
1. Bacillus branching
2. Clostridium filaments
1.Actinomyces
Non spore forming 2.Nocardia
1.Corynebacterium
2.Listeria
3.Lactobacillus
صفحه 3:
d.B@BCTLLOG
* Owts wilrwe
- Human pathogen
- Isolation also considered to be clinically
significant
- Zoonosis
0 Owes verew
- Environmental organism
- Contaminates food
- Common cause of food poisoning
° Owis stavterwopkice
- Tolerates very high temperatures
- Used for quality control of autoclaves
صفحه 4:
a.Bacillus anthracis
Large bacilli of 1-3
um
Historical
importance a
Single or paired in Allo
clinical isolates =
In vitro -
prominent capsule
Highly resistant
spores
صفحه 5:
Virulence factors
(antiphagocytic)
(oedema & death)
halation anthraastrointestinal anthr
High mortality High mortalit
صفحه 6:
Primary hosts
Method of infection ‘Mortality
*Contoct with 20%
contaminated
‘animal products
(hides, wool, hair)
Ingestion of 95%
contaminated
food products
Herbivores ingest
contaminated
vagetation
Inhalation of كو
و contaminated
dust
(Woolsorier’s disease)
Spores
contaminate
hide of
herbivores
(cattle, sheep. goats)
“Contact infections are generally
وه exposed skin surfaces {e.9., orms)
fond result in 95% of infections
Heat-resistant
spores in soil
صفحه 7:
:0 - موله)
« 0
- Aspirate or swab from cutaneous
lesion
- Blood culture
- Sputum
* Laboratory investigation
- Gram stain
- Culture
- Identification of isolate
صفحه 8:
دصل نوم لو Q@uthrounx — treukvedt
٠ مج
* (Detrenyoice /chornopheucol)
° Erythromycine,Clindamicine
* @revediod
— Ouseicivg oP caked herds
— Proper deposd وی جهن
¢ Active immunisation with live
attenuated bacilli
صفحه 9:
b. Bacillus cereus
* Large, motile, saprophytic bacillus
¢ Heat resistant spores
¢ Pre formed heat and acid stable
toxin (Emetic syndrome)
¢ Heat labile enterotoxin (Diarrhoeal
disease)
¢ Lab diagnosis - Demonstation of
large number of bacilli in food
صفحه 10:
Gastroenteritis
DIARRHOEAL FORM
2 5 Incubation period > 6 hour
ncubation period < 6 hours Diarrhoea
Severe vomiting Lasts 20-36 hou
Lasts 8-10 hours ns
صفحه 11:
CLOSTRIDIUM
(ANAROBES)
° Anaerobic
* Sporing
* Gram positive
* Diameter of the spore is larger
than the cell resemble a spindle
* Clostridium is derived from
Kloster meaning spindle
صفحه 12:
5 Gpores Pleovorhic (eloorpated, pict)
۱
lost are obligate anaerobes produce neu
isto toxins
صفحه 13:
* Saprophytes - Most
* Some are opportunists - tetanus/gas
gangrene/food poisoning
* Cl. perfringens - commensal of the
intestine
٠ Cl. sporogenes - -do-
- Can invade the intestine after the death
صفحه 14:
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
THE TYPE OF DISEASE
PRODUCED
°A. Tetanus Cl. tetani - Present in soil
*B. Gas gangrene
- Established Cl. perfringens gut’
organism
Cl. septicum
CI. novyi
- Less pathogenic Cl. histolyticum
Cl. fallax
- Doubtful Cl. bifermentans
Cl. sporogenes
صفحه 15:
° C. Food poisoning
1. Gastroenterritis - Cl perfringens Type /
2. Botulism - Cl. botulinum/ Soil
3. Piepbet OL perPriagess pe O
¢D. Acute colitis - Cl. difficile / gut’ organis:
(pseudomembranous colitis)
- Commonest cause of ‘nosocomial’ diarrhoea
صفحه 16:
GOOG 0
صفحه 17:
ومصامو 0 ات له میس ,مان Qe tssur, blood
۰۰
MGOELOF BOCEROC10 COOO1IMOD
(Graoyews iePerion) DF spores
Cw
رو موه yas produciva,
سرب مس
عمبیان
صفحه 18:
C Perfringens
C histolyticum
C septicum
C novyii
Alpha toxin
Cc
mMaecithinase)
Perfringe
صفحه 19:
deans وج عمط
GY GER COD CUELD HES © CURE ۲
CHRREER
صفحه 20:
مسا
لصم نمی حشاسی ی طنه)
سا الخات rece لج روه
صفحه 21:
CRuatbottos to co er ) od other porter جاص
دلا سه
رارصا 0ه« 1
CR fuel
Q
م۲ظ)
سوت تا وا ای و ال
Beto que <ntitoics to wer CO patric, ©) 2 محناعوود
cal Quay
صفحه 22:
TETANUS
Ouse tetocus tot both woo ced occas
oF the ۰
- @Oyriouturd workers ond yardeurrs ord
ue wore prow becouse the spores ure
presen ia the .لامك
- )( له سول سول لا baby’s
pon ار - ۱9۳۲ ۷۷
صفحه 23:
* Soil/Intestine/Vagina
¢ Drum stick appearance
۰ Motile with peritrichous flagella
* Obligatory anaerobes
* Grow on Robertson’s cooked medium
صفحه 24:
¢ All types produce the same toxin
© O. tetact— IO tupes bused vc the W votiqeus
5 (C@-S upes bused vu the type ,تفج ان
ان beta, ۳۳, iota).
صفحه 25:
° Gusvepibiliy -
Gowe stro vod withstand boiler Por
Ohyroldey ket (OM°O Por Uhr. but off wil
destroy .حاص 9000/09 نه
صفحه 26:
COODOD PE®TOREG COR BOM CT BOO CP
Ol CP's produce uphu toxier
Ol CT's pooduce save exvioxtd — plasxnid wedioted
Wowever, CP's ypt evtervioxias.
Cxvtoxia oP OT kes yt tu powpoursis:
۰ Permelveta — bok heat ord Og hibe — way ot oe o errr
+ Dekmmepaswin — hoot kbie, bu Og tbe (Therefore, amr pou wer or
جيووورفس 7 wil owt cet deviroyed ia the blood).
صفحه 27:
verve to the وولو وا توص fetes (in he
proxicity oP the wourced).
* @sveuday tetagus — whe textes spreads upwards uvay
the spied cord tawods C.0.6. Gives yevercized
SPI.
٠ Opscecday fans — whe toxic is yved IO , spuswe will
appear ia the wouscles oP the kee, werk ond sprecds
douxwurds.
صفحه 28:
سوه لصلت
اس چم (lock jaw) — seen oP he هت تا Bar) oop +
rn tty لح صا ل بحصي و لوا =
nl ck عا of he Pe, امن phy epee +
قحم ا حل موجه سلاف لصح merwarccene — centr cten of fe Frente ool =
chy ove (Opohonen 2) شمه تسا
means b O4P cok تا بمب منم مس سم یی
appear avon Per he kat rope, te very peri -
ony te مصعم crn باصم enka مرو با
مر واه امش
eran). & تسا nn فجي توميب سحل طح خا اا مجه نم ای سک له مق سوم اما
اه
ol he oyoortie keetoa — prevent he oye oP omadchoke. hw, privat بت و
میت مرو
صفحه 29:
Toxins
* Tetanolysin - heat and oxygen
labile/lyse RBC/
* Tetanospasmin - heat and oxygen
stable/highly lethal (for mice
0.0000001 mg) dies within 1 - 2
days
get easily neutralize with
antitoxin
صفحه 30:
WS
رس
© سس |
Presynaptic.
مک
اراه مهن تسیب
صفحه 31:
Prone
ای میا حصمطاتات OD COD ~ يرن مسجل
009
Bevectixreenhiaxtrd
<1 Gremxtzctive - WADED OOD nits (to texmuce potest
مد
Filler andy لصوم لمياميلي ممعيه جعت ۱]
صفحه 32:
Clostrictal Pood popownry
°C. perfringens
* Carriers for food poisoning
strains
¢ Survival of heat resistant
spores in bulk meals
¢ Sporulation in gut - Short IP and
watery diarrhoea for 24-48
hours
¢ Beta toxin production in C.
prerfringens type C -
Necrotizing enteritis(Pig bell)
صفحه 33:
0610
(ee Nene od
تر أ اوروز لل Food borne botulis
(IP 1-2 days)
Infant botulism
Wound botulism
(IP > 4 days)
Isolation of organism in food/faeces
Detection of toxin in faeces / serum
صفحه 34:
uces Botulism
d wide distribution
id in soil and occasionally in animal fece
ese are highly heat resistant ,withstand
-5 hrs.
resistance is reduced by acid pH or hig
entrations
1
ased during growth and autolysis of bact
found in 7 antigenic varieties.A-G
principle cause for human disease A,B,E
صفحه 35:
- Variety of foods
- Fish products
- Limberneck in birds
- botulism in mammals
in is neurotoxic protein
ttroyed by heating at 100C for 20 mins.
ion :Block release of Acetylecholine at
apses
| NMJ causing flaccid paralysis.
hogenecity
ess is not an infection.
ulism is an intoxication resulting from t
jestion of food in which C.botulinum has
duced toxin.
صفحه 36:
۳۵
rulence factors
Enterotoxin
(Toxin A)
Cytotoxin
(Toxin B)
Onxposs
Clinical suspicion
Culture of faeces
Detection of toxin
Discontinue antibiotics
mpi/Tetra/Clinda
ral metronidazol
Oral vancomycin
صفحه 37:
۷0
(BGROCEGC)
- Causes وطامصوهو !0د لیوا (pee dowewbruw,
yrevisk white exudate ) 0d yrorrdized toxascta
- Prevded ta buby's Ptr 9-0 wouks (o's why
OPT t& wea at O, S, P wouhs, bovsters 4ك 09
woos oad of school eur), very high to poury chide
صفحه 38:
Morphology
۰ Gre! tvelpdioude/Ohkeveleter ranewed
* Irregular swellings at one end -club
shaped.
¢ Corynebacteria tend to pleomorphism
in microscopic
and colonial morphology.
صفحه 39:
*On blood agar Small
granular & gray with
irregular edges and may
have small zones of
hemolysis.
*Grow aerobically on
ordinary media
صفحه 40:
a. رتسمبو dphtkertae
Qorwd ora cP caspphaperia = db dO%
- Diphtheria caused when infected by
lysogenic bacteriophage
b. ۱ مس سمتر
- Normal flora of skin
- Usual contaminants of samples
- Can cause disease in ‘compromised’ host
O. dgeres OO. koewobicuw
6 تساج
صفحه 41:
۰ Qure to develpped bounties! third world
Done
۰ Dose, Dusvphavux, shic uervbic,
Pocuttativel, accervbic
* Ousd carters we very dangerous
صفحه 42:
© LoePRer's sennv slope Olovd tehurite
© Oorpholodiod diPPerewes
٠ Whee biotypes
eter—wedius (ioter<vediate)
كاف
صفحه 43:
Cpidewiriow
° This ree in developicny powoties, 0 diseuse oF
the thied Lord امن Gill Kight) prevolect ict
the Porsver Goviet Ouion.
٠ Gpred though droplets.
صفحه 44:
Types of Diphtheria
¢ Faucial
* Laryngeal
* Nasal
* Conjunctival
* Vulvovaginal
*
¢ Cutaneous around the mouth and the
nose
صفحه 45:
Effect of
toxins
1. Local
2. General
Toxaemia and acts on the myocardium and on
motor nerves and adrenals
Complications
a, pseudomembrane may extend to larynx and
cause obstruction
b.myocarditis /Poaewvpuhy
* Oeyevercive choages io the iver adres, hideey's
صفحه 46:
Pathology
*Toxin is absorbed in the mucus
membrane and causes
destruction of epethelium and causes a
superficial
inflammatory respons.
*Necrotic epethelium becomes embeded
in exuding fibrin and red and white cells,
with bacteria-
*Grayish pseudomembrane is formed
over the tonsilas
صفحه 47:
oval of pseudomembrane - capillary damage a1
ng..
onal lymphadynopathy with marked edema of |
within the membrane bacilli produce toxin.
results in distant toxic damage paranchymato
eration fatty infiltration & necrosis in heart
e liver kidney & adrenals.
صفحه 48:
۰ بط بو dediPy the towuer و
Gkhick test — suitably diuted stubiized toxic
fiotradercvully, لیوا ertkewa (d-Ove) 1
90 عاج جد عجوب رود Hike لاه
صفحه 49:
طوبه
* Oren swear - Olbert's stat
هه اجه ماود Outhure - boPRer's sen *
مرب
Okeck the toxtgeciciiy
© aid لح
معط wikia OO hres
(Buicea pigslrabbits
صفحه 50:
۳
صفحه 51:
QOucagewedt —
0. ates - isvlatiog oP the potest / bed rest/ontbictic
ewictioler uo potolteraspotice/iPucrpictal clerk
تسا
©. ست 1 جوم - موم (toxvid) - علله
shoul be shick tested or yen bw dose جه
مور له موز ان موز result it severe
۳۹۹0
سوه - تالم امس -
> swab ose ued throats oP وه
صفحه 52:
تاماك مص - راون 0292 .9
صفحه 53:
(۳۷/۷۹0
«(6 PREOCOMOD
Clinical suspicion Immunization
Swab for culture (toxoid)
Toxin production
TRE®TOEOT
Penicillin
Anti-diphtheretic serum
Maintaining airway
Supportive
صفحه 54:
Food products from fish,
fowl, beef, pork, etc.
Healthy children and adults
Asymptomatic carriage
Pregnant women
Asymptomatic carriage
Septicemia
Neonatal disease
Immunocompromised
cancer or transplant patients) وه
Asymptomatic carriage
‘Meningitis
Septicemia
Other infections
Direct contoct
Products from the environment;
soil, water, vegetation
صفحه 55:
SLOCTO®CCILLOG
(POEROGES)
Normal flora ee female Pra tract
Obligaete anaerobes
Low virulence
صفحه 56:
CCTIDODYOCENEG
(PFBCOLTOMOCLY
®OCEROGEGC)
* Perweukive ww: ,نو
Orowwbortertu ond Rota
* لین we : @vteowedura
(wiwwyretowa), مهو(
(worudvsis), Cirepiowepres ved لاو
5715217125.
صفحه 57:
اوه | - تاو 0 ۰
.wepert ۸ :۰
یی ۸ ۰
سمل ۸ ۰
یسور .0 ۰
صفحه 58:
6. Actinomyces israelii
* Has branching filaments
* Facultative anaerobes
* Normal flora of oral cavity
* Causes ‘Actinomycosis’ characterised
by multiple abscess and granuloma
formation
۰ Tissue destruction, fibrosis and sinus
formation
صفحه 59:
ACTINOMYCOSIS
* Mostly in cervico-facial region
* Endogenous infection
* Can get
- Thoracic actinomycosis
(aspiration)
- Pelvic actinomycosis (IUCD)
- Rarely haematogenous spread
¢ Treatment
- Surgical
- Long term penicillin
صفحه 60:
Diagnosis
* Specimens - open biopsy, aspiration
material
¢ Sulphur granules (yellowish myecelial
masses)
¢ The discharge should mix with sterile
saline in a universal bottle and allow
to stand, particles will separate out.
صفحه 61:
* Place between 2 slides
¢ Crush and gram stain
* Gram positive branching
filaments
صفحه 62:
ACTINOMYCOSIS
صفحه 63:
7.Nocardia asteroides
¢ Branched, strictly aerobic bacillus
¢ Environmental saprophytes
(exogenous infection)
* Lightly acid-fast
* Uncommon causes of
opportunistic pulmonary disease
* Causes primary post-traumatic or
post-inoculation lung disease
صفحه 64:
Cutaneous nocardiasis