Head and neck anatomy

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< ۷۲ 255 » Fasciae » Divisions: Anterolateral & Back » Triangles » Posterior Triangle » Anterior Triangle 

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NECK = SUPERIOR BOUNDARY ‎Mandible‏ و ‎- Body ‎- Ramus ‎® Mastoid process ‎© Superior nuchal line ‎© Ext. occipital protuberance ‎ 

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SS ‏سم‎ Inferior boundary ® suprasternal notch ® clavicles ® acromions © and their connecting line 

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۳ 5 > Division © Anterolateral ® posterior 

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Posterior triangle Anterior triangle Division ® Anterolateral - anterior triangle - posterior triangle 

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Fascia (1 Superficial fascia Deep fascia Investing Layer 1 9 Carotid Sheath ۱ 

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Skin 

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Transverse cenical nerve Lesser occipital nerve ‏سسا‎ Great auricular nerve Accessory nerve [xl] ‘Trapezius muscle Sternodleidomastoid muscle Supreciavicular nerves © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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» Superficial fasciae ® Platysma ® External jugular vein 

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Platysma 

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Branches of transverse cervical nerve (C2 and C3) Supraclavicular nerves (C3 and C4) Mentalis Depressor labilinferioris, Depressor angull aris 

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External jugular vein 

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‘Supraorbital vein ‘Supratrochlear vein = Angular vein Superficial Maxillary vein Retromandibular vein Anterior branch of retromandibular vein Occipital vein Posterior \ auricular vein ۱ Facial vein Posterior branch of retromandibular vein Accessory nerve a ۳ External jugular vein ‘Communicating branch Transverse cervical vein Anterior jugular vein Suprascapular vein Omohyoid 

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Deep fascia *superficial or investing *prevertebral * pretracheal *Carotid sheath 

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Carotid sheath ‏زا‎ ‎POSTER‏ .اما ام ‎Veo arch ot 2 7‏ ‎ 

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Buccopharyngeal fascia {posterior portion of pretracheal layer) © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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‎Sternohyoid, Omohyoid,‏ دس ‎Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid‏ ‎Lateral vertebral: Scalenuses ‎Anterior Vertebral: Longus colli & Capitis 

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Sternocleidomastoid muscle stretches from the sternum to the skull behind the ear 

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Sternocleidomastoid muscle Trapezius muscle © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Stylchyoid muscle Posterior belly of ‘gastric muscle Anterior belly of ‘dgasine muscle Mylonyold muscle. Fostorior belly of Gesiotyois muscle gastric muscle Anterior ball of Styohyoid muscle gastric muscle تن هی وین فا یی ی یی سوه ‎i‏ ی ی ارت کم ی 

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Interna jugular vein دن فرط ‎Thyrtyeld muse‏ ‎Thyroid carte ‘Gonnen caroua atery‏ ‎‘omexyois muscle‏ ‎carage Stomethyrié maselo‏ اموت 4 ‎Stermonyoed muscle‏ ی ات ی رن ی ی ی ری چم ی ی ی ی ازع ‎(igi‏ 

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‘Submandibular fossa’ Free posterior margin Body of tyokd ‘Greater hon © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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‘Superior mental spines Inferior mental spines © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Geniohyoid © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Phrenic newe Internal jugular vein Subclavian vein Thoracic duct © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Triangles of the neck 

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Posterior triangle Division, post. A - SCM - Trapezius - Clavicle 

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ck Division of post. A -Occipital A -supraclavicularA 5 ‘mangle 

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ck Division of post. A Occipital A - SCM - trapezius 3 - inf. Belly of omohyoid ‘Submandib. triangle carotid triangle Muscular . ‏وه‎ triangle 

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Division of post. A supraclavicula A - SCM - clavicle - inf. Belly « omohyoid 

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Superior belly of omohyold muscle Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Splonius cagitus muscle LLevator scapulae muscle lene muscl Anteriot sealene muscle Posterior scalene muscle Middle scalene muscle Trapezius muscle Claview ‘Acromion Inferior bely of omohyoid muscle © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com, 

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1۱ sternecleldonastoid, = anterior border of tropezhis, mid 1/3 clavicle 3 fete, Hatya, external gun vein 1 Floor ‏ساد سس سساو لبد سال سس‎ ‏رای‎ trunks of brachial plexis & cervical plexus ۰ Contents: * Arteries: Occipital, superficial cervical, suprascpular * eine! Trensverse cervical, suproscapular, external jogular ‘s Nerves: Branches of cervical plexus, spinal root of accessory ‘Muscle: Onohyoid with its sling ‘Lymph nodes: Occipital (cubela/scalp infections) ‘Supraclovicular (port of the deep chain) | Superficial / (transverse) 0 Z lcervical artery i = G ‏كه د‎ = (Ora) es sn ‏يوم‎ 

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Division, anterior A - anterior border of SCM - midline - inf. Border of mandible 

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Division of anterior A submental A - hyoid - anterior bellies of digastrics 

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Division of anterior A submandibular A - Mandible - anterior and posterior bellies of digastrics 

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Division of anterior A Menai Sternocesdomastols ‏سس‎ Submandibular Suporior bol (coast) tangle erator ‘Submental tangle Stermohyoid هم مه ومعمد Inferior belly of omenhyoid subclavian) ‘angle 0 carotid A - SCM - digastric post. belly - omohyoid sup. belly 

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Division of anterior muscularA - SCM - omohyoid - midline f Stomocioidomastoid Superior belly (Gigastic) triangle cof omohyoid — Submental triangle Sternohyoid — Carotid triangle Muscular ۱ ۱ (omotracheal) Accessory nerve 5 3 triangle ‘Trapezius Occipital triangle Inferior betty ‎Supractavicular‏ دام ان ‎(omoclavicular,‏ ‎subclavian) ‎5 triangle 

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Internal jugular vein ‏هن فرط‎ 5 ها وا بوچ ‎Thyroid carte Gommen cata ary‏ من موه دام فصو ‎cartage‏ اديت Stemonyoet muscle م + سیم او 2 2 2 2 2 ز 2 2 2 2 ز 2 ز 2 ز2ز2ز 2 ز 12121212 121 1[ ‎Si a ni‏ 

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Splenius capitus muscle ‘iit ie Posterior scalene muscle Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle © Elsevier Ltd. Drake & al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Li between pretrachel & investing foscine, ‘Sipled by arteror ram ef 61-3 anca cervical, atid nerve & nerve to mylehyod (Vo) 

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= Anterior communicating Anterior cereal Posterior Middle cerebral communicating هجو Right subclavian: Left subotavian Brachiocephalic: ‏1د‎ ‎om carotid fort ach © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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‘Superficialtemporal artery Posterior auricular artery Facial artery Internal jugular vein Oceiptal atery Internal carotid artery Lingual artery ‘Ascending pharyngeal artery Carotid sinus Extomnal carotid artory ‘Superior thyroid artery Common carotid artery Thyroid gland © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et 

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Schematic of Left External Carotid Neck of the ~ Mandibte Posterior Belly of the Rigasie Superior nanan C4 Laryngeal, Upper edge of the Thyroid Cartilage Superior Thyroid Medial 4 Lateral 

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‘Temporaipuse enter branch of suport tomgera artery (eupertial empora ate) Foci pulse “is Pach ck asa a 

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Retromandibular vein Posterior auricular vein External jugular vein Trapezius muscle Stemocleidomastoid muscle Transverse cervical ve © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Owe SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL V. a - MAXILLARY V. >> RETROMANDIBULAR V. ANT. FACIAL V. Div. i POST. AURICULAR V. _« COMMON “ FACIAL V. EXTERNAL — JUGULAR V. TO TO SUBCLAV V. INT JUG. V. 

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Zygomaticofacial artery and vein “Transverse facial artery and vain = Zygomaticotemporal artery and vein ‘Superficial tenporalantery and vein Supratrochlear artery and vein ‘Supracorbital artery and vein ‘Angular artery and vein Lateral nasal artery and vein Fostercr auricular vein ‘Superior taba Poster auricular artery ‎ang vee celta vain‏ لايق ‎artery‏ موه ‎[Extomal jugular vein Inferorabiat artery and vein ‎Facial artery ‎Facial vain ‎tntemal jugular vein ‎001 1 0 ‎Exemnal carotid artery 

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Fight internal jugular vein Superior thyroid vein “Thyrohyoid membrane ‘Superior laryngeal vein Inferior laryngeal vein. Inferior thyroid vein Right subclavian vein. Manubrium of sternum © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Nerves » Cervical plexus » Vagus Nerve » Accessory nerve » Hypoglossal nerve » Sympathetic 

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GervicalliPlexus (€,-C,) 

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Transverse (Great auricular cervical nerve. ۱۵ ۵ ca 5 Phrenic nerve ‘Supractavicular nerve: © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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(© Hever Ltd. Drake tal: Gays Anatomy for Students won studentconsul.com 

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Transverse cenical nerve Lesser occipital nerve ‏سسا‎ Great auricular nerve Accessory nerve [xl] ‘Trapezius muscle Sternodleidomastoid muscle Supreciavicular nerves © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Rectus capitis anterior muscle Rectus capits laterals muscle Longus capitis muscle Levator scapulae muscle Longus coll muscle ۱ ۱-۷ ۹ wade ‘Scalene muscles ۱ Phrenic nerve © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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‎bs‏ ی 0 ‏3 ‏و عورا ‎nt. ‏عا وتا‎ ‎fa. ‏مور‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‏لاس امرومرسا ام ‎| ‎۱ ‎ ‏سس ‎PARASTHPRHENC‏ سس ‎ ‎ 

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ranch Vagus nerve Interne! jugular vain Infencr gangicn Internal and external branches 0! superior Tagngeal rene ‘Carotid body branch External carotc erty i a a a a al 

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thyroid artery Thyrocervical trunk Left vagus nerve Left recurrent laryngeal nerve © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Inferior thyroid artery © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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و ‎Superior‏ ‎Inferalergeal nerve‏ جوم ‎‘ryt memrano ‎velo‏ اه معا ‎(rcothyod muscle Costs Fgament ‎‘gh ecurenctaryngest nerve ‏شعو ريوط تن‎ a ‎Fight subclavian atoy ‎Ligamenum anarosum ‎‘aa ai a ii a a a i a ‏ا یر‎ 

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۱0۲6/۳۱ 68۵۲000 ۵۲160 internal jugular vein Accessory nerve [XI] Sternocleidomastoid muscle Trapezius muscle ‘Isevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.c 

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Pons Vagus Medulla nerve (X) | oblongata Cranial root Spinal root Foramen magnum Cervical region of spinal cord (C.-C) Cranial root diverges and joins vagus cleidomastoid muscle ‘Copyright © 2001 Banjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 

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Hypoglossal nerve External carotid artery Posterior belly of digastric muscle (cut) © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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‘Omotivoid muscle (supetor bell) Superior root of arsa cervical, Stenotyoid musce ‘Sternothyroid rusce 1 x {inferior bety رن ید ی ‎hahaa aera aie a iar‏ ی ی و ی مزاع کاس 

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Nerve to geniohyoid (C1) Geniohyoid Nerve to thyrohyoid (C1) Thyrohyoid ‘Ansa cervicalis © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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1 اط عام رو lade cereal ganglen ner cereal gangton Let oachicaphat van Let vagus reve (© Bisevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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To internal carotid plexus To carotid body and sinus To external carotid plexus ‘Superior cardiac nerve. Gray ramus communicans. Middle cervical ganglion Inferior cervical ganglion ‘ray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com Middle and inferior: cardiac nerves © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et 

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internal organs 

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Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands 

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Cartilage Thyroid gland Trachea (windpipe) 

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Inferior thyroid artery. © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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Thyrocervical trunk Left vagus nerve Left recurrent thyroid veins laryngeal nerve Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et 

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Neck Lymphatic 

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To upper deep cervical nodes Pre-auricular and parotid nodes © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray’s Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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ی ‎a i‏ مت ره ی من ‎ci‏ یز سک نیز 

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Left internal jugular vein Right lymphatic duct’ Right brachiocephalic vein Bronchomediastinal trunk Left brachiocephalic vein © Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

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۸ Inferior margin of mandible B Posterior margin of stemocleidomastoid Posterior triangle Anterior triangle ‘Anterior margin of Midiine of neck Anterior margin of trapezius sternocleidomasteid Structures coursing between ‘Sttuctures coursing between ‘hood and thorax are assosiatod thorawneck ane upperiim are with the antericr triangles associated with the posterior triangles @ Elsevier Ltd. Drake et al: Gray's Anatomy for Students www.studentconsult.com 

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH Neck = Cervix = Coll = گ ردن  Boundaries  Fasciae  Divisions: Anterolateral & Back  Triangles  Posterior Triangle  Anterior Triangle THE NECK SUPERIOR BOUNDARY Mandible - Body - Ramus Mastoid process Superior nuchal line Ext. occipital protuberance The neck Inferior boundary  suprasternal notch  clavicles  acromions and their connecting line The neck Division Anterolateral posterior The neck Division Anterolateral - anterior triangle - posterior triangle Skin Superficial fascia Deep fascia Investing Layer Prevertebral layer Carotid Sheath Pretracheal layer Skin  Superficial fasciae Platysma External jugular vein Platysma External jugular vein Deep fascia *superficial or investing *prevertebral * pretracheal *Carotid sheath * superficial ( investing ) - Pretracheal - Prevertebral - Carotid sheath - Superficial:Platysma, Sternocleidomastoid,Trapezius Suprahyoid: Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digasteric Infrahyoid: Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid Lateral vertebral: Scalenuses Anterior Vertebral: Longus colli & Capitis Sternocleidomastoid SCM Suprahyoid Muscles Infrahyoid muscles Sclaenus muscles Triangles of the neck The neck Division, post. Δ - SCM - Trapezius - Clavicle The neck Division of post. Δ -Occipital Δ -supraclavicularΔ The neck Division of post. Δ Occipital Δ - SCM - trapezius - inf. Belly of omohyoid The neck Division of post. Δ supraclavicula Δ - SCM - clavicle - inf. Belly of omohyoid Posterior Triangle The neck Division, anterior Δ - anterior border of SCM - midline - inf. Border of mandible The neck Division of anterior Δ submental Δ - hyoid - anterior bellies of digastrics The neck Division of anterior Δ submandibular Δ - Mandible - anterior and posterior bellies of digastrics The neck Division of anterior Δ carotid Δ - SCM - digastric post. belly - omohyoid sup. belly The neck Division of anterior Δ muscularΔ - SCM - omohyoid - midline Nerves  Cervical plexus  Vagus Nerve  Accessory nerve  Hypoglossal nerve  Sympathetic Superficial branches (Cutaneous): Lesser occipital(C2) Great auricular(C2,3) Transverse cervical(C2,3) Supraclavicular(C3,4)  Communicating branches X-XI-XII Muscular branches : Ansa cervicalis Prevertebral & paravertebral muscles Phrenic (C3-C5) Propreioceptive Vagus Nerve Spinal part accessory nerve Hypoglossal Nerve Sympathetic Chain internal organs Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands Thyroid Gland Neck Lymphatic