Introduction to Ayurveda-Safety Aspects of Herbo-Metallic Compounds-Rasa Aushadhi of Ayurveda

Introduction to Ayurveda-Safety Aspects of Herbo-Metallic Compounds-Rasa Aushadhi of Ayurveda

اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir

اسلاید 2: Introduction to Ayurveda-Safety Aspects of Herbo-Metallic Compounds-Rasa Aushadhi of Ayurveda

اسلاید 3: Ayurvedic approach of HealthAyurveda is a name which the Ancient Indians gave to their science of medicine. Ayuh means life and Veda means knowledge. Therefore Ayurveda is a science by the knowledge of which life can be prolonged and its nature can be understood. In a broader sense, Ayurveda like Dharma (religion) is not decompartmentalized; it includes the adaptation of customs, traditions, ethics, hygiene and medicine.

اسلاید 4: The fundamental concept is mainly based on Samkhya and Nayaya Vaisheshika system of Indian philosophy. Subject matter is scattered in Vedas, Upanishads and other Classical literature.Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Samgrah are three important Medical Texts.Subject Matter:

اسلاید 5: Ayurvedic concept of Health is based on Tridosha Theory. Tridosa is biological entity responsible for structural, functional and behavioral dimensions of the living organism. Doshas are two types -Manasik (Psychic) – Sattva, Raja & TamaSharirika (Somatic) – Vata, Pitta & KaphaSharirika and Mansika dosas are interacting each other therefore, psychosomatic interaction is responsible for maintenance of physiological homeostasis.

اسلاید 6: MIND BODY INTERACTIONGeographical EnvironmentS R T P V KSocio Cultural Environment

اسلاید 7: SIGNIFICANCE OF PRAKRITI IN CLINICAL MEDICINE 1) Promotive Health 2) Preventive Healtha) Clinical application of constitution study (Prakriti)b) Identification of Risk Factorsc) Course, Complication and Ultimate prognosis of the disease.d) Drug body interaction

اسلاید 8: FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR HEALTH AND DISEASE1) Society at riska) Rural urban differences b) Economic statusc) Education & Profession2) Family at riska) Structure of Familyb) Familial diseases c) Social stress (marital tension , Strained inter- personal relationship, Poor religious affiliation )3) Individual at riska) Psychosomatic constitutionb) Individual habits

اسلاید 9: Ayurvedic approach of therapy PromotivePreventiveCurativeNon-Pharmacologic procedures: Diet, exercise, yogic-meditation relaxation practices, observance of sadvritta (socio-cultural conduct) as per doshik setup, and circadian and seasonal variation.

اسلاید 10: ii. Pharmacologic: plant based single and poly herbal preparations.Herbo-metallic preparations:Bhasma: Powder of a substance obtained by calcination is called Bhasmas. It is applied to metals and minerals and animal productsRasa-Yoga: Preparations containing minerals as main ingredients are called Rasa-yoga. Abhrak (Mica), Makshik (copper-pyrites) , Swarna (gold), Rajat (silver), Tamra (copper), Kamsya (Bell metal) etc.Rasa Aushadhi: Preparations containing metals, minerals are considered rasa-aushadhi:

اسلاید 11: Mercury, Arsenic, Lead, Zinc, Tin, Iron, Sulphur & Copper are mainly utilized for the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations. Metals are generally toxic in its native form.Several methods have been described for detoxification of metals & minerals in classical literature of Ayurveda. Documentation of the classical preparation along with their ingredients including history of use.Identification of new compound (herbo-metallic) showing therapeutic efficacy.Standardization of classical procedure by following objective parameters.Biological standardization of the product along with evaluation of safety and efficacy profile.

اسلاید 12: Physico-chemical characterization Distribution, Bio-transformation and EliminationRoute of Absorption:Inhalation of Vapor, sub-cutaneous and oral.Distribution:Distributes widely to all tissue, kidney, liver spleen and CNS.Elimination: Primarily by Urine and fecal Interact with different enzyme systems in the body in Presence of sulphur.Action: Target organ system

اسلاید 13: WHO Limit Normal permissible concentration

اسلاید 14: Normal and obtained level of elements in blood and urine

اسلاید 15: Dose of MakardhwajMakardhwaj: (i) 50 mg/kg dailyPreparation of Makardhwaj as per classical method (Rasa Tarangini ) human dose 125mg to 250mg/day Gold - 1 partMercury- 4 partSulphur - 8 partExperimental Animal StudyMaximum Human Dose= 250mg/day ; Average Human Wt=50kgPer Kg Dose=250/50=5mg ; Animal Dose ten Times more

اسلاید 16: ACUTE TOXICITY OF MAKARDHWAJAnimal model - Charles foster strain ratsDose level (mg/ kg)Sample sizeMortality after 24 hrs.5060/610060/615060/620060/625060/630060/6No lethality was found at the highest dose of 300mg/kg/day

اسلاید 17: Neurobehavioral toxicity following Makardhwaj (Dose 50 mg/kg)No neurobehavioral abnormality was observed following oral administration of Makardhwaj

اسلاید 18: Chronic Toxicity of Makardhwaj:Chronic toxicity of studies were carried out among albino rabbits of Holland strain with average body weight of 1.86±0.58kg upto 3 months. The dose of Makardhwaj was 50mg/kg/dayNo adverse effect on hemopoetic, Gastro-intestinal, Hepatic & kidney function test were noticed.

اسلاید 19: Right KidneyNormal Micro angiography of the Kidney Left Kidney

اسلاید 20: Damage with HgCl2 (High Dose)Damage with HgCl2 (Low Dose)Dose 5.0 mg/kg body wtDose 2.5 mg/kg body wtMakardhwaj +HgCl2HgCl2 2.5 mg/kg body wt; Makardhwaj 12.50 mg/kg body wt

اسلاید 21: Treated GroupNo. of animalSerotonin (µ gm/gm tissue)Serotonin (µ gm/gm tissue)Serotonin (µ gm/gm tissue)Serotonin (µ gm/gm tissue)Treated GroupNo. of animalFrontal CortexFrontal CortexHippocampusHippocampusTreated GroupNo. of animal7 days14 days7 days14 daysNormal control (ACSF 5ml)*100.422± 0.0880.418± 0.0750.362± 0.0920.364± 0.084Makardhwaj 300 mg/kg **100.316±0.0610.364±0.0540.241±0.0420.201±0.064Makardhwaj100 mg/kg ***100.438±0.0820.456±0.0720.384±0.0650.396±0.075Effect of Makardhwaj on serotonin level in experimental rats*vs** P>0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05*vs*** P<0.01 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001

اسلاید 22: Beneficial effect of Makardhwaj on nor-adrenaline in experimental rats *vs** P>0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05P>0.05*vs*** P<0.01 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001

اسلاید 23: Effect of Makardhwaj on Dopamine level in experimental rats*vs** P>0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05P>0.05*vs*** P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001

اسلاید 24: Effect of Makardhwaj on choline- acetyl-transferase in experimental rats*vs** P>0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05P>0.05*vs*** P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001

اسلاید 25: Heavy Metalsµg/gm of the product (JAMA)(SASTRA & BHU)Lead:3700022000Mercury:2280023800Arsenic:81006200Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & makardhwaj) is an Ayurvedic herbo - metallic preparation mainly advocated in the management of Rheumatoid and Osteo-arthritis. Presence of Organic materials

اسلاید 26: MET. ENGG. IT- BHU & SASTRA, THANJAVURMahayogaraj Guggulu (with Silver and Makardhwaj)Silver particle

اسلاید 27: Sem of Mahayograj guggul (with silver and Makardhwaj)TubularparticlesFused &SolidificationcracksFine SphericalparticlesFlakesParticles sizes varies from 2-100 microns

اسلاید 28: Acute toxicity of Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & Makardhwaj) Animal model: Charles Foester Strain rats.

اسلاید 29: Neurobehavioural acute toxicity following Mahayograj Guggulu (with Silver & Makardhwaj) (Dose 250 mg/kg body wt) TestsObservationsObservationsObservationsObservationsTestsInitialAfter 24 hrs.After 48 hrs.After 72 hrs.Flexing reflex++++Grasping reflex++++Corneal reflex++++Body equilibrium++++Head shaking++++Auditory++++

اسلاید 30: Chronic Toxicity of Mahayograj Guggulu (with silver & Makardhwaj)Chronic toxicity of studies were carried out among albino rabbits of Holland strain with average body weight of 1.90±0.55kg upto 3 months. The dose of Mahayograj Guggulu (with silver & Makardhwaj) was 250mg/kg/dayNo adverse effects on hemopoetic Gastro-intestinal, Hepatict and kidney function test were noticed.

اسلاید 31: Changes in Acetylcholine concentration following oral administration of Mahalaxmivilas ras with gold mahayograj guggulu with gold & Mahayograj guggulu with silver & makardhwaj

اسلاید 32: Changes in nor-adrenaline following oral administration of Mahalaxmivilas ras with gold mahayograj guggulu with gold & Mahayograj guggulu with silver & makardhwaj

اسلاید 33: Changes in Dopamine following oral administration of Mahalaxmivilas ras with gold mahayograj guggulu with gold & Mahayograj guggulu with silver & makardhwaj

اسلاید 34: Clinical StudyProcedure:27 cases (14 male & 13 female) receiving Mahayogaraj Guggulu with silver & Makardhwaj in the dose of 2 tab twice in a day prescribed by qualified Ayurvedic physicians were selected.The cases receiving the therapy were carefully monitored for adverse reaction on different system.Three successive follow-up studies were carried out.

اسلاید 35: Toxicity studies of the subjects Evaluation of Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & Makardhwaj) on Hemopoetic system among rheumatoid arthritis cases.

اسلاید 36: Evaluation of Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & Makardhwaj) on Liver function tests among rheumatoid arthritis cases.

اسلاید 37: Evaluation of Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & makardhwaj) on Renal function tests among rheumatoid arthritis cases.ml/minute

اسلاید 38: Level of lead in blood and urine following oral administration of Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & makardhwaj) in rheumatoid arthritis casesg/dlNormal range – In Blood <29 gm/dl In Urine < 2.3 gm/dl

اسلاید 39: Level of mercury in blood and urine following oral administration of Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & makardhwaj) in rheumatoid arthritis cases g/dlNormal range – In Blood < 2.0 gm/dl In Urine < 2.3 gm/dl

اسلاید 40: Level of Arsenic in blood and urine following oral administration of Mahayograj guggulu (with silver & makardhwaj) in rheumatoid arthritis casesg/dlNormal range – In Blood < 3.0 gm/dl In Urine < 8.4 gm/dl

اسلاید 41: Elimination of lead after withdrawal of Mahayograj guggulu with silver and makardhwaj :- gm/dl

اسلاید 42: ConclusionAyurveda has adopted holistic approach. It includes the entire spectrum of life.The object is to enhance longevity.The application of fundamental principles of Ayurveda is helpful in the prevention and management of various mental and physical disorders.The non-pharmacologic procedures include observance of good conduct and practice of relaxation, meditation and other yogic practices in order to maintain the positive health.In Ayurveda various metal and minerals are used for the prevention and management of various diseases. The metals are modified in a new compound which have therapeutic potentials.

اسلاید 43: Prof. G.P. Dubey, Dr. Aruna Agrawal, Prof. G.V. RajamanickamCentre for psychosomatic & Biofeedback Medicine&Deptt. Of Basic Principles, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU& Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine,SASTRA, Thanjavur