Mapping
اسلاید 1: Mapping
اسلاید 2: What is a map? It is a representation of something (Earth, stars, solar system, a building, etc…
اسلاید 3: Uses of MapsTo determine where you are going.To act as a model of Earth’s surface.Used to locate various placesTo show the distribution of various features or types of materials.
اسلاید 4: Quick Review of Latitude and LongitudeLatitudeMeasured in degrees North and South of the Equator.Lines drawn parallel to each other running west to east.
اسلاید 5: Quick Review of Latitude and LongitudeLongitudeMeasured in degrees East or West of the prime meridian.Lines drawn running North and South.
اسلاید 6: TopographyThe lay of the land.Shows relief using contour lines.Relief- highs and lows of Earth’s surface.Relief can be calculatedTake the difference between the highest point and the lowest.Ex: Mountain peak 20 m. lake 10m20m- 10m= 10mThe relief of this area is 10m
اسلاید 7: Reading a topographic map- Contour LinesLines on topographic maps.Connect points of equal elevation.Everything connected to that line has the same elevation.Elevation- the distance something is above sea level. Sea level= 0m or 0ft.
اسلاید 8: Reading a topographic map- Contour IntervalsContour interval- gives the difference in elevation between 2 contour lines.Another indicator of height.Shown on maps as C.I.= 10ft.Used to count contour lines. C.I.= 1000ftHow it will look on a map
اسلاید 9: Reading a topographic map- Index ContoursA index contour is a contour line that is accentuated in thickness and is labeled with the appropriate measure of elevation.Index contours occur every fifth contour line.Help the map user read elevations on a map. Red arrows indicate location of index contours.
اسلاید 10: Reading a topographic map- StreamsThe direction a streams is flowing is shown on a topographic map by the way a contour line crosses the stream.Streams are shown as a blue line on maps.When contour lines cross a stream it looks like an upside down V.The point in the V points upstream. It opens in the direction the water is flowing.
اسلاید 11: Reading a topographic map- Depression ContoursDepression contours show areas of lower elevation.Drawn like contour lines with marks on the inside. Hachure marks- tick marks on inside of closed circle.
اسلاید 12: Reading a topographic map- HillsHills are represented on a topographic map by a series of concentric contour lines in a rough circle
اسلاید 13: Reading a topographic map- SlopeClosely spaced contour lines represent steep slopes.Widely spaced contour lines represent gentle slopes.
اسلاید 14: Reading a topographic map- BenchmarksA benchmark is a place where exact elevation is known. Shown by a B.M. on mapEx: BM 60
اسلاید 15: Reading a topographic map- ColorsThe colors on a topographic map are symbolic of different map features. Blue = water Green = forest Brown = contour lines Black = cultural features (buildings, place names, boundary lines, roads, etc.) Red = principal roads Pink = urban areas Purple = revisions to an older map, compiled from aerial photos. If an area has become urbanized, this may be shown as purple shading on the new, revised map.
اسلاید 16: Reading a topographic map- Map ScaleMap scale indicates your distance along the ground, or the amount of ground covered by the map.USGS- United States Geologic SurveyRatio- 1:24000one unit on the map is equal to 24,000 units of the same size on the ground.Ex:1 inch on the map = 24000 inches on Earth. Or after converting 1 inch = 2000ft.Bar scale-indicated by a line or bar with distances marked in miles, feet, or kilometers.
اسلاید 17: Reading a topographic map- Map Scale
اسلاید 18: Reading a topographic map- ProfilesA topographic profile is a cross-sectional view along a line drawn through a portion of a topographic map. It is like taking a slice out of a portion of the Earth and looking at it from the side.
اسلاید 19:
اسلاید 20: This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.comhttp://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
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