صفحه 1:
صفحه 2:
صفحه 3:
Dermatology in the Ancien
Heritage
(۱
The Arab — Islamic Empire had spread since (622 AD) over
تا
countries of the Middle- East, North Africa and مصنومو
It also reached the borders of France, and The China Great
(۰
It carried to nations, culture, knowledge and sciences.
It also contributed to the development of medical
0
The Arabs message to all nations surpassed all ethnic,
.5ع تقلسصتالط لمسسمتاهم لصه كناهأوتاعم
صفحه 4:
"۱
8 ات ۱ات ی ۱۰۱۰
antecedent civilizations.
(1) Pharoahé (2) Greeks. (3) Romans. (4) Babylonians (5)
Chinese (6) Indians
(7) Persians.
Medicine considered one of the best facets of Arab -— civilization
ا لا 1 انك 0.
Pre-Arab medicine was: legendary, magic, clerical, and
Witchcraft (444).
Bema OOM UE Le rm eae یات با ات و۳۱
sciences. Main ay due to famous scientists :(1) Hippocrates (460
BC). (2) Gal 317 -
len (129 - 199 AD).
Both 5 1 iy medical books which were, translated
)تطوت۸ ماص ۱ ‘scien
صفحه 5:
ogy in the Ancient Ar:
Ancient Unconventional — Alternative Arab
Medicine
1. physiognomy (4 i) -&):
The ability of discovering temperament and inner
0 MO ini Cteell-\e)st-c-becbeCcMn TS
believed that a disease would attack a person or a tribe
due to an evil, which can be driven away by magic.
2. Fortune - teller (Divination) €41! sol 4,44 1):
To fortell the future and predicts knowledge about
health, wealth, destiny and fate of persons by looking
at and talking to them.
صفحه 6:
Dermatology in the Ancient Aral
Ancient Unconventional — Altern:
Medicine
The art of using sand or small stones of different
د5عمرقطه KOM Ko} Hato 26125025 AULA CN
4. (قراءة ابکنه وداونصاو۳ :
Looking at the different lines on palms of a person and
Boyan) كنا
future, health, length of life, and destiny.
صفحه 7:
8 ! |
Ancient Unconventional — Alternative Arab
Medicine
5.Drove out (Exorcism) (43):
16 انا طم لتتع ممه كتضسلم5 20ط تتوتاتة عتتتصل
illness and catastrophies. Many believed in "jinn" and evil eye"al ayn".
6.Inspiration Arr |) i
An action put on a person ake him by suggestion, believe an
Idea. "Burying" a green wedge or eggplant in a dark cave in the dark,
then touching warts with it, believed that will cure them.
7.Amulets ۹
Prescribed by magicians and make people who carry them believe
۵0 1
bring them good luck and health. Or beat their enemies, or make a
تاافتن
woman conceive.
صفحه 8:
6 0 ۳
Ancient Unconventional — Alternative Arab
Medicine
8. Precious stones 1 (اعلاج با. :
Arabs believed in healing power of gemstones, metals, and crystals,
عكتل وكله تزغط]1' .معط تجوعن18 3011 14 آناه5 عطة 10037 عع مم تزعطا أهطا
away sickness. For each illness there was a special gemstone.
POPPA Awe) COX RY Oreste)
Astrologists claimed to understand the meaning of stars
movement and their relation to the development of epidemics,
disasters, misery or happiness of persons or a tribe.
8. ۲۲0۲05000۷ :(خريطة للروج)
A map or diagram of relative positions of planets, believed to
indicate persons life events. Can denote revenge, hostility, optism,
pessimism, travel and wealth.
صفحه 9:
Dermatology in the Ancient Ara 1۵06
Ancient Clinical Arab Medicine (
AD)
Theriaca, or Teriac = Antidote G4):
PW aciut oN MAUL UMRUEL-e Mm NacTom dene tel Mime M eel nnKcyu- Co emMA Msi Cola
of allergic reaction to snake and scorpion bites or any poison.
It was composed of 66 herbs and spices.
Cauterization (4):
Used in the form of burnstick to treat warts. Used to treat pain
such as sciatica, lumbago and arthritis. Or cauterize a
bleeding wound or amputated limb stump to stop bleeding and
prevent gangrene.
Stimulation (51):
Garlic and vinegar used to rub areas of alopecia to stimulate
hair growth or reduce pain from bites stings.
صفحه 10:
Ancient Clinical Arab Medicine (Since 22
AD)
. Scarification (tatyb4) :
Skin incision or scratching for blood slashes بل بش rid of poisoned blood as
Tiers Me metcl ال ل ا ل ا is fastened tight by a rope.
. Cupping 0۳
Used for chest infection, _ pneumonia and myositis.
Arab physicians used it to treat 72 diseases including (leprosy,
toothache, boils, gout,
.(كتمهسقطمعاء لصة 165ام
Bp Retro Wel aC ار
Leeches applied skin (15-30 minutes) to suck blood from face,
ears, neck, thighs and legs.
Useful to treat hypertension, headache, and varicose veins.
5011 50 ony barbers till now.
صفحه 11:
AD)
Venesection (phlebotomy) (ait; Diu):
Arab physicians believed that letting bl get rid of the excess
لاع يت blood. Used heated knife ade, or a warmed
2
Useful to treat hypertension, headache, and both chickenpox and
measles.
۴1602 (احناء) :
Tropical shrub small tree — Lowsonia intermis.
Used as hands and feet bla in marriage ceremonies.
Used as dye of hair, and paint to treat brittled nails.
Used as camouflage ۱ ( ا
Used as paint to cure eczema, burns, and scabies,
Used as poultic to treat sciatica.
Chewed for treating oral ulcers.
0-0 وم و
صفحه 12:
Clinical ae (5 Papa ی
AD)
Paracentesis (5L!):
ل هر ات رک a knife sterilized by fire, to وما
ل ل ل ل لل ا ل اك s(n a
201
aol ل ل ا ل ال ل ل ۱9
۱
Circumcision (4&1):
Performed by barbers for boys and girls as a Muslim rite and for hygienic
purpose. ۲
Contraceptives ۱۳۹
Drinking water of لاي ‘basil « or weeping willow leaves.
Eating lot of beans 3 empty stomach.
Using tar suppositories.
0 ار
0
211
صفحه 13:
Dermatology in the Ancient ۹ Heritage
Ancient Clinical Arab Medicine (Since 22 AD)
اننا
The first tooth brush in history. Made of a splitted branch of a tree.
Abortifacients G24N-\Jius):
Smear penis with onion juice or tar and white lead, before coitus.
Jumping backward to expel semen.
Introduce Jew's melon green 000 manipulated to
help induce abortion.
. Honey Therapy Quit. Ds):
Improve blood circulation, and laxative
Protects children agi scurvy and rickets and treat lice in children.
19 ا
Antimicrobial and antifungal as (5% cream or liquid).
ng ل ات تن
Mouth gargle for tonsillitis. Soothes skin ulcers and folliculitis.
13.
ues
صفحه 14:
Originally associated with pittest yer ceremonies.
4ص
from evil and sickness and كر
fisman.
he body from a sword or dagger.
Used as decorative
Believed to protect
has the power of tal
Believed to protec!
صفحه 15:
Dermatology in the Ancient Arab Heritage
Ancient Observational Arabian medicine
"(۱
+ Arab physicians used their abilities of observation to recognize
diseases and in particular of the skin. _
+ They used physiognomy, vision and keeness to recognize signs and
symptoms of illnesses.
* Perspicacity of mind enabled ent to give diseases their names,
based on their observance of the characteristics.
1.Smallpox:
* Used to break in e
* Arabs recognized the pimples and vesicles "protuberances"
appearing on the skin of the camels neck.
* The pimples also resembled small, raised scattered spots on the
ground that are pushed by the growing roots of plants.
صفحه 16:
Dermatology in the Ancient Arab Herita
Ancient Observational Arabian medicine
Measles:
عط وطتعدعل مغ لمكن مكلة ععون عأمقتي جه دعصم لعلصنمع للقدك عه كع اطططوط
Vel NN Ld ai ا ا ا |
emon Ma Mer veltt sh 00
:(الرقان- داء اصفار) عمزآصتاه]
It was called "Yellow" because the color of the leaves of plants look yellow
Preeti MO cma tReet mf CeCo cece enact
Plague (Black Death) 6 tt):
Was called "Taoon", in / ic means a “Stab" (to kill).
Alopecia GL):
"تاتوعتز هج لعتكووطه وطقتتةق عط روكتتدعوط "عدم علقحوع 1 قط1" عتطوعة صذ قصوع]/3
loss of hair of the female fox or.
Because the female fox destroys the plants in farms in search for food,
erway
Seria a ee CR TCC. ack nace eterna esta w
صفحه 17:
۱۹ ۰1
Ancient Observational Arabi
ال
Was named by Arabs as "Jootham" or "Juthm" in Arabic means
“to cut" or "to amputate" because they observed that the disease
ends up with
spontaneous loss of parts of body like fingers and nose.
. Vitiligo GU sacl!) :
Arabs noticed the loss of skin colour in different sites and called
it G+ 6) “white Bahak” or “Barag’” and related it to the loss of
pigment cells function.
But they differentiated it from leprosy (Baras) اك
Bahak”, which they knew as infections disease.
صفحه 18:
Ancient Observational Arabian medicine
Psoriasis Gad ols
Psoriasis means — Covered with a crust like a Shell Oyster.
Treated with “Burdock Herbs” (:#48)-1) and “Aloe Vera” (5+!) and
۱۱۱ a)
Treated also with olive oil, coal tar, willo.
۱ و
Ichthyosis @luL ol)
. It is covered with a layer looks like fish scals.
Treated with mixture of willow .(صفصافاشلا.4 05161 320 ( اللصفصاف)
Acne Git)
Garlic, Aloe ۷۲۵ and lemon , patches of vinegar , rose water.
صفحه 19:
Dermatology in the Ancien كم
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
Dermatology
1. Jaber ibn Hayyan al- Sufi (721 AD —- 815 AD)
He Came from Iran and settled in Baghdad.
-لإسعطعلة عتطمعة زه «مقصيده؟ عط عدم 136
۱ ل ا ل Reta a
He wrote 3000 short treatises in a corpus that also include
under his Latin name "Geber"
His important works include :
“The Hundred and Twelve Books ". "The Seventy Books". and
“The Books of the Balance". Most of them translated into Latin.
صز 0صح ع0زع۸ که صمناتاناعده» معط که جمتمنامعنل اعق فطا قوب ۲3
and the first to extract sodium, ا
POEL
ا 1
صفحه 20:
Arab Scientists - The Founders of
Dermatolo: ۱
1 3 2115 ظه ۱۰( ۰ 8 * ۳۰۱/۸۰۱۸۹۰۲۳ ۵ AD - 815 ۸۳(
He divided the materials in alchemy into three classes.
1. The spirits. 2. The metalic bodies. 3.The mineral bodies.
* He classified spirits into: sulfur, arsenic, mercury, ammonias
and camphor.
* He also showed that metals include: lead, tin, gold, silver,
copper, iron and kharsine (Chinese iron)
* Was the first scientist to outline the modern acid — base theory:
(the sulphur - mi ry principles).
* He converted mercury into a mercuric sulfide = cinnabar.
* His discovery of metals and minerals enabled physicians later
on to use them for treating skin diseases.
صفحه 21:
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
Dermatology
1 , AD - 856 AD) 7
He lived during the reign of al - Mansour - The Second
Abbasid Caliph, the founder of Baghdad.
٠ Then became private physician to Caliph Harun al —
Rashid.
* Was a famous Christian physician and pharmacologist.
* He wrote " The Book of Leprosy " and believed that the
disease develops in 2 stages:
1. The white non - infective shining spots
2. The active infectious late stage.
صفحه 22:
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
او موك
3. Ali ibn Rabbah al — Tabari AD — 850 AD)
+ Astudent of Yuhanna ibn Masawaih.
* Composed the famous book (Firdaus — al —hikmat) or (Paradise of
wisdom).
+ He described leprosy and believed that it is due to an increase in the
black of the “Four Humors” of the body.
* He described the major clinical picture of leprosy as:
Loss of eyebrows, and nails, nose atrophy and fingers deformity,
which gives the face a lion shape, so he called the disease (Lion
disease).
ees) ا leprosy is an inherited disease, and contagious, and
that isolation of patients was important.
صفحه 23:
Arab Scientists — The Founders 00
. Ali ibn Rabbah al — Tabari (770 AD - 850 AD)
He also described eczema in detail.
He described scabies and that itching is due to an insect that
he ane! remove by a needle. But never relate it as the cause of
scabies.
a made comprehensive description of hair, nails, and the
skin.
* He mentioned that skin is the origin of sweating .
* He also mentioned that 1۳2 ]10 bead hair growth.
* He tried to find cause: ۱۱ m rT Gh coe
He described leprosy and vitiligo on ‘Four Humors” bases.
یرت ات نت۱۱ and scalp fungus by using yellow sulphur
and arsenic.
scabies and pediculosis by using tar, sulphur,
d red arsenic.
صفحه 24:
Arab Scientists — The ا 01
Dermatology
3. Ali ibn Rabbah al - Tabari (770 AD - 850
AD ۱
* He described various types of tumors and prescribed
treatment for them mostly of herbal nature.
٠ He also described boils, abscesses, wounds, and other
۱۱۱۱۱۱ ا ال
treating them, which were combination of tar, wax,
vinegar and mercury.
* He described aphthous stomatitis and that it affects
mucosa of mouth, tongue and lips and related it to
ingestion of spoiled milk and to indigestion.
E
صفحه 25:
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
Dermatology
. Abu Yusuf Ya’qub ibn Ishaq al- kindi (801 AD ~ 873 AD)
His name in Latin was "Mesue Senior" or "Janus
Damascus "
SBT tre ere
He studied Graeco — Hellenistic (Gracian) sciences and
Na كا
Was the first famous of the Muslim philosopher and
scientists.
He wrote a book on leprosy: with details of its etiology
and treatment.
He was the author of the first Arabic Ophthalmological
1۳6۵۰
صفحه 26:
۱
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
Was called “The Arabic Galen” and was the greatest Arab clinical
physician, and well known in the west.
He wrote 184 0۲ 1 in medicine. The most important one was
“Continens al Hawi "
His masterpiece " 10 Tree
۱ or " De peste ".
He described "measles" as: harsh voice, red eyes and cheecks, pain in
the throat and chest, dry tongue, red 217 tearing of eyes, vomiting,
and backache.
He also described " Hay Fever " in detail and made a correlation with
ل aoe
He described ۱ and Guinea worms.
He advised venesection for both measles and chickenpox.
SSS Yea and Measles "
. Mohammed ibn Zak eMALglogy
صفحه 27:
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
(هم 5و - صم دمی 106ص 811712 مدز وممصعطه 1 .5
* Described "Chickenpox" as: red eyes and face, headache, body-
aches, itching, and sneezing.
Same Xo kiaticle Melba -r-L pert -e Lm .تق 0 عكنا عطانا طنخذةا 72201221105 :5ه
* Plant (¥-!), and to paint the ۱ لانن ieee of cane plant and
the use of kohl as eyeliner and the use of drops of pomegranate
grease, or rose water.
* He also advised the use of peanut grease, lily 500 leaves and a
mixture of wheat with peeled almond and seeds of watermelon
and barley saffron (= }!). All are grinde to powder and applied
to the skin and kept overnight ancl washed next morning with
water mixed with chamomile (@+\L!) and pansy (e!).
صفحه 28:
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
Dermatology
. Mohammed ibn Zakariya al i (865 AD - 925 AD)
He treated "Paronychia" by ap 10 100 and gall oak
leaves (54) LsL\31)5)), then if it expands, it is punctured with
a probe, then bind by the use of lentil G..1/).
Treatment of “Abscesses" by applying ginger mixed with
asphintage and anzaroot, then it is covered with a wet
Dervis (oe
He described symptoms of “Intestinal Worms" in adults
as: abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite,
pv Coe
In children: insomnia, grounding of teeth, abdominal
Brits anal pruritus, and blood in stools (in یت اناا
case of small worms).
صفحه 29:
Dermatology
-Mohammed ibn Zakariya al — Razi (865 AD - 925 AD)
He described treatment for "Intestinal Worms" as: Razin
سرد to be taken for 3 days, and seeds of cavern (grotto)
SVC OOM MET miti eae ۲ 2 (۷ ۱۱ ۱ ال
۱ All given for 3 days preceeded by drinking
milk on empty stomach in the morning.
Treatment of "Piles" g leek €1,41) and gee compressors.
Beas! ار ور را ریت
ع6
اا ا ا ل ا لا
ا اا رک and sweet
used as compressors.
"Anal Fissures": application of rose water and opium.
صفحه 30:
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
Dermatology
5. Mohammed ibn Zakariya al — Razi (865 AD - 925
AD)
* He described "Impetigo" and classified it into two
types:
(1) The "Wet" red itchy that become blackish
Evie Mera Ke) انلكف
(2) The "whi "و1 late chronic type.
¢ He treated impetigo with: Arab gum, bitter
almond paint, white petrolium, and venesection
معط KOM Leora ته طخت
صفحه 31:
Arab Scientists — The Founders 00
Dermatology
|. Abul-Walid Muhammad ibn Rushd (Averroes) (1126AD- 1198AD)
en roe CCE Mec Ue Me Ce Dee ا
Most of his work survived until today ۱
ل و
He composed " The Book of Generalities on medicine "
He wrote commentaries on the medical work of Avicena.
Studied chickenpox and confirmed that it only affects humans.
۱۰ Con aor e cote nG aces Seer te
Believed to be due to lack of bathing, exercise, malnutrition and
wearing dirty clothes.
kr CCRC ECC ay’ | رت
fue
وعطامك وستصدعكء قصة رتعلده غلدد طكتمر ومتطغوط غتمعموع ۲
گنه رعهصنه که حمتاه اوه تمعنمرمة فه رمنانندق ۵۶ )ما د وضاهه رنه
RCTs ny تک ۱
انان
صفحه 32:
ermatology in
Arab Scientists — The اه 11 00
Dermatology
. Abdulla ibn Muhammad ibn — al - Baitar (1182AD — 1248AD)
۰ «: 1:60 0صه دوهلع۳ صز صرمظ
Was the greatest of Arabs Botanists and pharmacologists.
He composed "The complete Bo imple Drugs", and "The
sufficient Book of simple Drug:
SOMA wc eae M eMC UET NMC
treating skin disease never previously described, and were
discussed in details.
os eesti re) affect only the pigment cells of skin, and he
differentiated it from leprosy which affect deeper organs.
He was the first to use khellin plant for vitiligo and was called
ات۱۱۳ ۱ word which means (Bird leg). The flower or
با زه له لستاوضين عه وعتحدع1 directly to the affected area or the
كلع56 01 FER mixed with honey is eaten, then exposure of skin to
sunlight, that can cause ی or burns.
صفحه 33:
Arab Scientists — The Founders of
Dermatology
8. Abu Ali al - Husain ibn sina (Avicenna) (980AD - 1037AD)
¢ He Came from Iran
+ Known as "Shaikh al - rais “ (leader among wisemen)
* Wrote 250 works. Best known was “The canon of medicine"
0 ا ا
+ It was translated into Latin, French, German, and Hebrew.
0 a COR CUC eC Reo ee Recon
+ The second Book was “Kitab a-shifa" or “The Book of Healing”
SPCR ل ل mee Rete
medicine" every illness related to skin and hair and also wrote
detailed chapter on cosmetics, that were mainly extracted and
Preity ia
plants.
صفحه 34:
eT aren