Minimum Health Management Standards
اسلاید 1: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsMinimum Health Management Standards#4 - Human Factors Engineering in New Projects
اسلاید 2: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsOutlineMinimum Health Management Standards (MHMS)Introduction to Human Factors Engineering (HFE)Why HFE & BenefitsDefinition of StandardAchievement CriteriaTools & Techniques Competences RequiredAre you compliant?What you need to do
اسلاید 3: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsMHMSSeven Minimum Health Management Standards (MHMS) have been developed to set down the minimum requirements for the management of health and Human Factors Engineering in companies where Shell has operational control Approved by the Group HSE Advisers Panel and HSE CouncilDiscussed and agreed with the Executive Committees of the major BusinessesCMD has endorsed and issued them in July 2001Shell Businesses are expected to implement them fully by the end of 2003Progress will be monitored via the HSE Annual LetterMHMS will be audited
اسلاید 4: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsMHMSFormalise existing guidance - nothing really newSet down the minimum requirements for the management of Health in companies where Shell has operational control Compliance with national statutory requirements is mandatory for all aspects of health management. Currently accepted scientific knowledge should be applied in interpreting MHMSsGuidance documents listed in the attachment provide advice on good practice. Where a guidance document is referred to specifically, then it forms a part of that standard. Other documents provide more general guidance on good practice which, in some cases (such as those published by the OGP), may be more specific to certain Group Businesses.
اسلاید 5: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsMHMSThere are seven MHMSHealth Risk AssessmentMonitoring of Health Performance and Incident Reporting and InvestigationImpact AssessmentHuman Factors Engineering in New ProjectsProduct StewardshipFitness to WorkLocal Health Facilities and Medical Emergency ResponseFocus
اسلاید 6: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsHuman Factors EngineeringHuman Factors Engineering (HFE) is a multidisciplinary field that considers the integrated knowledge of human capabilities, limitations and needs in the interaction between humans, technology and the working environment. HFE Yellow Guide 2002
اسلاید 7: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsObjectives of HFETo increase safety, comfort and performance within working environmentTo prevent human errors/limit the consequences (reliability)To enhance productivity by optimising human efforts (efficiency)To improve usability of a system (productivity)To incorporate user knowledge in the design of the system/product to satisfy the needs of the operating population (acceptability, marketability)
اسلاید 8: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsHuman Machine Interaction
اسلاید 9: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsIndividual Constraints(age, size, training, skills, competence)HumanDisplaysControlsSensory InformationTASKInputOutputMachineOrganisational Structure job design, communication, taskPhysical Environment(lighting, noise, thermal)Response ExecutionHuman Machine Interaction
اسلاید 10: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsConclusion pre start-up safety review Hycon (1988)“It has to be concluded that during engineering stage the opportunity could have been further exploited to optimise the design without increasing CAPEX in many cases. This refers particularly to the fields of operability, accessibility and maintainability.”Why Practice HFE?Business Case
اسلاید 11: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsLessons learned RAYONG project (1996) “Basic concept not an operationally friendly machine”DCS system DCS graphics were designed by main contractor with minor input of Operations at an early stagetoo much information on screens to go through 5 screens to get to an alarmfar too complex which complicates start upalarms poorly specified risk of panel men loosing confidence in system!Why Practice HFE?
اسلاید 12: Human Factors Engineering in New Projects> 60 % of bottlenecks identified during D & E Model review sessions are related to poor Operability and MaintainabilityRedesign effort first 2 years after start up often related to solve operational and maintenance misfits as a result of insufficient input during Conceptual designProject management issues Why Practice HFE?- Not just in Operations
اسلاید 13: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsConclusions of ‘World Class’ Projects study Why Practice HFE?
اسلاید 14: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsLiterature “Development HSE improvements in hardware design”FutureNumber ofaccidents/ incidentsTechnical measureswere dominantProcess safety measureswere dominantHuman factors interfacemeasures will becomedominantPastPresentWhy Practice HFE?
اسلاید 15: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsNo balanced input of Process criteria versus Operations (Ops.) and Maintenance (M) criteria during conceptual design Limited input in conceptual design of future Ops./M. tasksInsufficient & ineffective input of “work floor” experienceInsufficient knowledge of EC re. OPS requirementsHMI specifications are insufficient ; no ‘risk driven’Lack of ‘change mgt.’ approach in critical , i.e new designsIncrease of project & life cycle costsSub optimal design of operational & maintenance tasksTraditional Design Process
اسلاید 16: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsBenefit areas Usability & HF Engineering OperabilityMaintenanceReliabilitySafetyHealthEnvironmentLegislationLabour turnoverRelation to stakeholdersPersonnelSocietyGovernmentShareholders&ClientsQuantify and/or rankBenefits of HFEEfficiency
اسلاید 17: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsEconomic benefits Based on historical data (reviews/audits/PIR reports) and client feedback reports Reduction CAPEX0.25% - 5% Reduction engineering hrs.1% - 10 % Reduction re work: 1 % - 5% less rework, less late changes Reduction project duration timeup to 40 %*reduced approval cycles Reduction Ops./Maintenance TCoO3 - 6 % per year * 40 % reduction only achieved once in a non-complex 2 story office building project Benefits of HFE
اسلاید 18: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsFactors driving repeat visits to web sites (% reason) Source: Forrester research 199975 High quality content66 Ease of use 58 Down load speed 54 Frequently up dated 14 Coupons and incentives 13 Favourite brands 12 Cutting edge technologies 11 Purchasing capabilities 10 Customised content 10 Chat and bulletin boards 6 Other Rationale for HFE in IT Environment
اسلاید 19: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsNon-economical benefits Improvement HSE/working conditions (H) Improvement commitment end users (H) Improvement of client “buy in” (H) Improvement functional design; (H) versus gold plated design Improvement competence of project team (VH) re. Operational and maintenance requirements Improvement communication Owner / Project team & EPC contractor (H)() impact ranking on issue from client feedback:Low (L), Medium (M), High (H), Very High (VH)Benefits of HFE
اسلاید 20: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsCritical Success Factors Awareness of cost & benefits CAPEX reduction & TCoO commitment Management commitment front end loading Early availability of operational philosophy Availability of resources Front end user participation for realisation of product commitment Competence project participants Integration in Project QA system (Owner & EC!) Multi-disciplinary dilemma handling capture ‘work floor’ knowledge via FEEEM ® analysis process Fit for purpose tools and procedures Benefits of HFE
اسلاید 21: Human Factors Engineering in New Projects Reduction in Modification Costs Reduction in Training costs and efforts Improved ‘Acceptability’ of the System Improved screen layout, readability and usability Decreased information retrieval time REDUCTION MIS OPERATION, MIS READING Reduced reliance on support of ‘Help Desk’ and other colleagues Effective use of IT resources Improved working efficiency + reduction in working stress Improved motivation Awareness of benefits of User-Centred DesignBenefits of HFE
اسلاید 22: Human Factors Engineering in New Projects It is about 40-100 times more expensive to fix problems in the maintenance phase of a programme than in the design phase (Boehm, B.W., 1981 Software engineering economics New Jersey, Prentice Hall Inc.) Systems designed with usability engineering have typically reduced the time needed for training around 25 % (Landauer 1995) Usability engineering has demonstrated reductions in the product development cycle by over 33-50% (Bosert 1991)Eighty percent of software life cycle costs occur after the product is released, in the maintenance phase; of that work 80% is due to unmet or unseen user requirements; only 20% of this is due to bugs or reliability problems ( Karat, C. 1993, Usability engineering in dollars and cents, IEEE Software)Benefits of Usability Engineering
اسلاید 23: Human Factors Engineering in New Projects Around 63% of ICT projects exceed their cost estimates (Laderer, A.L., 1992, Nine management guidelines for better cost estimating) The top four reasons are: frequent requests for changes from users overlooked tasks user’s lack of understanding of their own requirements insufficient user-analyst communication and understanding A user centred design methodology will increase productivity by 25 % and increase quality by 30 %, incl. user satisfaction by 40% (Gartner Group 1992, Stanford, Connecticut, Rensink, H.J.T. 2000, SI HE The Hague)Benefits of Usability Engineering
اسلاید 24: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsDefinition of Standard‘Human factors engineering principles are to be considered and applied during the early design stage of new facilities projects where design can have a critical impact on equipment usability and user safety or health.’
اسلاید 25: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsAchievement CriteriaAll new facilities projects are screened for minimum human factors engineering requirements as defined in the HFE YG.Where the screening indicates that HFE input is necessary, the location or business applies the correct processes, tools and competencies at the correct stages of the project as defined in the HFE YG.The recommendations have been discussed with management and action parties and target dates agreed.
اسلاید 26: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsTarget ReadershipProject teamsProject ManagersProcess (and other Discipline) EngineersOperations/MaintenanceHSE professionalsIT DesignersRetail Station Designers
اسلاید 27: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsProcess and ToolsIntroduction of 3 Decision Making ToolsHFE Focusing ToolWork Systems Analysis ToolInvestment Justification ToolSupports Project TeamsProject ManagersOperations/Maintenance
اسلاید 28: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsConsiders: Work systemsPerformance FactorsMode of operationsN=Normal; E=Emergency S=Shutdown/Start upHFE Work System Analysis ToolTo determine: Level of HFE involvementBased on project team experienceHFE Standards available?
اسلاید 29: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsWork System Analysis Tool2List the project work systemsAllocate an appropriate HFE level for each boxDefine HFE scope
اسلاید 30: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsInvestment Justification ToolTool for project managersDecision making support tool on HFE recommendationsConsiders economic and non economic (e.g. HSE aspects) benefitsExample demonstrated on next few slides
اسلاید 31: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsThe ToolsWork Systems Analysis Tool- Define HFE scope for Project- Appendix 1 in the Yellow Guide2. Investment Justification ToolDecision making tool for Project ManagersAppendix 2 in the Yellow Guide3. HFE Competence Screening Tool- Ensures correct people are on the job
اسلاید 32: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsCompetencesHFE Activity LevelRequired ActionCompetenceResponsible Party1Apply specs. & standardsAwarenessProject Team2Specs. & standards + reviewWorking KnowledgeHFE Focal Point3HFE AnalysisSkilled/MasteryHFE Professional
اسلاید 33: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsCompetence FrameworkAwareness (can discuss)Familiar with HFE YGUnderstand HFE concepts, principles, languageWhere and how HFE YG applies to projectsKnow the HFE Process (phases and timing)Know how to use the HFE ToolsExperience in ProjectsCompliant with discipline competence levels
اسلاید 34: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsCompetence FrameworkWorking Knowledge (can do)Carry out HFE ReviewsEnsure standards were properly appliedMake recommendations based on HFE principlesRecognise where HFE can benefit projectSupport Project Team from HFE standpointOU level staff (typically involved in projects)Experienced in own engineering discipline
اسلاید 35: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsCompetence FrameworkSkilled / Mastery (can teach)Competence HFE professionalConsulted by OU for all Level 3 activitiesUse HFE WSA Tool to initiate scope discussionsSystematically captures user requirementsDelivers HFE RecommendationsIdentifies future HFE scope with respect to organisational issues and other barriers to successful HFE implementation
اسلاید 36: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsProcessNew Facilities Project?Work Systems AnalysisHFE ScopeHFE Competence (for Contractor)HFE Analysis and RecommendationsUser Centred Design
اسلاید 37: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsAre you Compliant?Ready to use Yellow GuideCheck you procedures against section 3Review the Achievement CriteriaWhere do you stand?
اسلاید 38: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsWhat do I do?If CompliantEnsure that all projects are adhering to the process and not just the ‘big’ onesAssess current HFE activities, look for improvementsLook for opportunities to improve your project / design procedureIf NOT CompliantTrain project personnelIncorporate the Tools into project procedureConsult HFE professionals for support
اسلاید 39: Human Factors Engineering in New ProjectsGood Luck . . .. . . and don’t forget the HFE Principles when partaking in challenging project
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