Operating system chapter 12_2

Operating system chapter 12_2

اسلاید 1: 1NetworkingChapter 12

اسلاید 2: 2Distributed CapabilitiesCommunications architecturesSoftware that supports a group of networked computersNetwork operating systemEach computer has its own private operating systemDistributed operating systemCommon operating system shared by a network of computers

اسلاید 3: 3The Need for a Protocol ArchitectureComputer communicationsExchange of information between computers for the purpose of cooperative actionComputer networkWhen tow or more computers are interconnected via a communication network

اسلاید 4: 4Two ConceptsProtocolUsed for communication between entities in different systemsProtocol architectureBroken into subtasks, each of which is implemented separately

اسلاید 5: 5File Transfer

اسلاید 6: 6The TCP/IP Protocol ArchitectureProtocol suiteFive relatively independent layersPhysicalNetwork accessInternetHost-to-host, or transportApplication

اسلاید 7: 7Physical LayerSpecifying the characteristics of the transmission mediumNature of the signalsData rate

اسلاید 8: 8Network Access LayerConcerned with the exchange of data between an end system and the networkDifferent standardsCircuit switchingPacket switching (frame relay)LANs (Ethernet)

اسلاید 9: 9Internet LayerProcedures for data to traverse different networksImplemented in the end systems and routers

اسلاید 10: 10Transport LayerEnsures all data arrives at the destination and in the order sentTCP

اسلاید 11: 11Application LayerSupports various user applicationExample: file transfer

اسلاید 12: 12TCP Header

اسلاید 13: 13UDP

اسلاید 14: 14IP

اسلاید 15: 15IPv6Provides enhancements over existing IPDesigned to accommodate higher speeds of a mix of data streams, graphic and videoProvides more addressesIncludes 128-bits for addressesIP uses 32-bit address

اسلاید 16: 16IPv6

اسلاید 17: 17TCP/IP Concepts

اسلاید 18: 18Protocols and Headers

اسلاید 19: 19Items in the HeaderDestination network addressFacilities requestsExample: priority

اسلاید 20: 20TCP.IP ApplicationsSimple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)File Transfer ProtocolTELNET

اسلاید 21: 21SocketsEnable communication between a client and serverConcatenation of a port value and an IP address form a socket

اسلاید 22: 22Two Types of SocketsStream socketsUse TCPReliable data transferDatagram socketsUse UDPDelivery is not guaranteed

اسلاید 23: 23Socket Setupsocket() commandThree parametersProtocol family is always PF_INET for TCP/IPType specifies whether stream or datagramProtocol specifies either TCP or UDP

اسلاید 24: 24

اسلاید 25: 25