Plant Biotechnology Plant Transgenesis

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Gene gun 

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Plant Biotechnology Plant Willie ParrimanTransgenesis What is Plant transgenesis?  Plant transgenesis the transfer of genes to a plant directly.  This enables us to create different kinds of plants that we aren't able to produce with regular hybridization ways. Methods       Cloning Protoplast Fusion Leaf Fragment Technique Gene Guns Chloroplast Engineering Antisense Technology Cloning  Many different types of plants can regenerate from a single cell  This is a natural ability for a plant so it makes them ideal  Plant cloning is a way easier process then animal cloning  Researchers can see the genetic modification in a very short time after a new plant matures fast. Protoplast Fusion  Callus-mass of cells will grow on an injured plant  Cell wall is dissolved with cellulase an enzyme leaving behind a protoplast which is fused to another species Leaf Fragment Technique     Small disks are cut from a leaf Cultured in genetically modified Agrobacter Agrobacter-soil bacterium Growth hormones added which are nurse cells Gene gun  A force of Helium drives the particles to acceleration  DNA coated particles are shot through the cell wall  Biolistic Process-A cross between biology and ballistics Chloroplast Engineering  DNA in the chloroplast accepts many new introduced genes at one time  No chance that the genes will be blown off to other crops Antisense Technology  Keeps plants such as tomato plants ripe up to weeks  Using Agrobacter researchers inactivated the process of decay and made it slow way down. Benefits  Vaccines for plants  Herbicide resistant crops  Genetically modified Pesticides  Stronger fibers  Safe storage of food  Enhanced Nutriton  Stops virus  Defense against insects  avidin-a protein found in egg whites-from transgenic corn  Resistant to glyphosate a common herbicide  Classic breeding-1.5%  Up to 60 % stronger  Golden rice-contains beta carotene-body converts to vitamin A Disadvantages  Human Health  Could kill of insects or animals that eat the plants such as butterflies from  Environmental concerns corn  People against genetically  “Super weeds” manipulating these plants conclusion     Definition Methods Benefits Disadvantages Questions  Concerning human health do you think we have to worry about the genetic manipulation of food?  -ex. Soybean contained genes from the brazil nut that people have allergic reaction to  Even though this technology can cut back on the use of chemicals on crops do you think it will cause problems for the environment?  -ex. “super weeds” could breed from different crossing of genes Bibliography  http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pubs/press/19 99/genegun.html  http://www.escience.ws/b572/L20/L20.h / tm  Introduction to biotechnology. Thieman J., William and Palladino A., Michael.  http://micro.sci.ku.ac.th/personnel/STL/ haloyst/img008.JPG