Survey of Computer Information Systems
اسلاید 1: CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information SystemsEssential Concepts and TerminologyStudy Unit Three
اسلاید 2: File.A named collection of data (such as a computer program, document, or graphic) that exists on a storage medium such as a hard disk, floppy disk, or CD-ROM.
اسلاید 3: Directory. A list of files contained on a computer storage device.
اسلاید 4: Folders. PC. The subdirectories that can contain files or other folders. Macintosh. Same as directories on a PC.
اسلاید 5: Memory. The computer circuitry that holds data waiting to be processed.
اسلاید 6: Storage. The area in a computer where data is retained to be used again later. Storage devices retain information after the device is turned off.
اسلاید 7: Volatile Memory. Memory contents that are erased when a computer is shut off.
اسلاید 8: Saving. Transfer of data to a storage device.
اسلاید 9: Read-Write Media. Storage disks that allow a computer to both read and store (write) data. Examples are CD-RW and floppy disks.
اسلاید 10: Sequential Access. A form of data storage (such as a computer tape) that requires a device to read or write data one record after another starting at the beginning of the medium.
اسلاید 11: Random-Access. The ability of a storage device to go directly to a specific location rather than searching sequentially from a beginning location. Magnetic disks are random-access storage media.
اسلاید 12: Pits. Microscopic indentations on optical storage media used by laser beams to read patterns of data on the surface of disks. The light-sensing reading device receives no light from a pit and returns a 0 signal.
اسلاید 13: Land. Flat, reflective areas on optical storage media the bounces laser light, returning a 1 signal.
اسلاید 14: Online Storage. Immediately available storage which does not require a user action, such as inserting media. Typically, a hard disk is a personal computers online storage device.
اسلاید 15: Near-Online Storage. Secondary storage that requires insertion of media. Storage readily made available by user action.
اسلاید 16: Access Time. The estimated time for a storage device to begin reading data on a disk, usually measured in milliseconds for disks and nanoseconds for RAM.
اسلاید 17: Nanosecond. One-billionth of a second.
اسلاید 18: Solid State Disk. A high-capacity storage device with rapid access time, comparable to hard disks. The device stores up to 8 GBs of data and uses batteries to provide data involatility.
اسلاید 19: Double-Density (DD) Floppy Disk. A type of disk with a higher storage capacity (800 K) due to increased disk density.
اسلاید 20: High-Density (HD) Floppy Disk. A disk that stores more data than a double-density disk, up to 1.44 MB.
اسلاید 21: Write-Protect Tab. A sliding notch on floppy disks that, when open, protect disks from being overwritten or deleted.
اسلاید 22: Tracks. Concentric or spiral storage areas created in series during formatting on storage medium.
اسلاید 23: Sectors. Pie-shaped subdivisions of tracks on storage media.
اسلاید 24: Clusters. Groups of sectors on a storage medium that, when accessed as a group, speed up data access.
اسلاید 25: File Allocation Table (FAT). A table of information recording the physical location of files on storage medium.
اسلاید 26: Fragmentation. Storage of a data file in non-contiguous clusters.
اسلاید 27: Activity Light. An indicator that illuminates while the head is reading or writing data on a disk, indicating not to press the eject button.
اسلاید 28: Formatting. The process of preparing a magnetic disk to store information. The process of a disk drives head laying down the magnetic pattern of tracks and sectors.
اسلاید 29: Hard Disk. One or more magnetic disk platters providing high-capacity, high-speed online storage.
اسلاید 30: Platters. Fixed, rapidly-rotating magnetic storage component disks of a hard disk.
اسلاید 31: Head Crash. A collision between the read-write head and the surface of a hard disk platter, resulting in disk damage.
اسلاید 32: Partition. A section of a disk established to operate as if it were a separate disk.
اسلاید 33: Positioning Performance. The speed at which a drive can position the read/write head to begin transferring data.
اسلاید 34: Transfer Performance. The speed at which a drive can transfer data.
اسلاید 35: Spindle Speed. The number of revolutions per second at which hard disk platters rotate.
اسلاید 36: Hard Disk Controller. A circuit board on the mother board, on an expansion card, or in a hard drive that acts as an interface between the CPU and the hard disk.
اسلاید 37: Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). An interface standard used for attaching peripheral devices such as drives, scanners, and other peripherals. Pronounced scuzzy.
اسلاید 38: Disk Cache. A type of RAM used to temporarily store information read from a disk, dramatically improving up hard disk performance.
اسلاید 39: Archiving. The process of moving data off a primary storage device to a long-term storage medium such as a CD-ROM or removable magnetic medium.
اسلاید 40: Backup. A duplicate copy of data.
اسلاید 41: CD-ROM. A read-only, optical disk storage medium that uses laser technology to read data. An acronym for compact disc read-only memory.
اسلاید 42: CD-ROM drive. A device that uses laser technology to read data from a CD-ROM. CD-ROM drive speed is stated in multiples of 150,000 bits per second, such as 2x or 4x.
اسلاید 43: Multisession CDs. A CD that allows a device to write (burn) data during more than one session.
اسلاید 44: CD-R. An optical disk technology used to create CD-ROMs and audio CDs. An acronym for compact disc-recordable.
اسلاید 45: CD-RW. An optical disk technology that allows data to be written onto a CD, then changed much like on a floppy or hard disk. An acronym for compact disc-rewritable.
اسلاید 46: DVD. An optical storage medium similar to CD-ROM, except with higher storage capacity (up to 17 GB). The acronym for digital video disc or digital versatile disc.” DVD-ROM drives are downwardly compatible with CD-ROM.
اسلاید 47: PC Card (PCMCIA Card). A credit-card-sized circuit board, typically used to connect a modem, memory, network card, or storage devices to a notebook computer.
اسلاید 48: Created by James Q. JacobsEnd of Study Unit 3. Return to first slideMove to Study Unit 4CIS 105 Home Page
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