Therapeutic Sports Massage

Therapeutic Sports Massage

اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir

اسلاید 2: Therapeutic Sports Massage

اسلاید 3: Physiologic Effects of MassageMechanical stimulation of tissues by rhythmically applied pressure and stretchingEffects of massage may be either reflexive or mechanical

اسلاید 4: Physiologic Effects of MassageReflexive Effects sensory and motor nerves locally and some central nervous system response MechanicalMakes mechanical or histological changes in myofascial structures through direct force applied superficially

اسلاید 5: Reflexive EffectsAttempts to exert effects through skin and superficial connective tissues Contact stimulates cutaneous receptors Reflex mechanism is believed to be an autonomic nervous system phenomenon The reflex stimulus causes sedation, relieves tension, increases blood flow

اسلاید 6: Reflexive EffectsEffects on painModulates pain through gate control & -endorphinsEffects on CirculationIncrease blood and lymphatic flowEffects on MetabolismDoes not alter general metabolism Assists in removal and hastens resynthesis of lactic acid

اسلاید 7: Mechanical EffectsTechniques which stretch a muscle, elongate fascia or mobilize soft tissue adhesions or restrictions Always accompanied by some reflex effects As mechanical stimulus becomes more effective, reflex stimulus becomes less effective Directed at deeper tissues, such as adhesions or restrictions in muscle, tendons, and fascia.

اسلاید 8: Mechanical EffectsEffects on muscleMechanical stretching of intramuscular connective tissue To relieve pain and discomfort associated with myofascial trigger points Increase blood flow to skeletal muscle To retard muscle atrophy following injury To increase range of motion Does not increase strength or muscle tone

اسلاید 9: Mechanical EffectsEffects on skinIncrease in skin temperatureIncreases sweatingDecreases skin resistance to galvanic current Mechanically loosens adhesions and softens scar Stretches and breaks down fibrous scar tissue Breaks down adhesions between skin and subcutaneous tissue

اسلاید 10: Psychologic Effects of MassagePsychologic effects of massage can be as beneficial as physiologic effects ”Hands on effect helps patients feel as if someone is helping them

اسلاید 11: Treatment Considerations and GuidelinesKnowledge of anatomy essential Understanding of existing pathology Thorough knowledge of massage principles

اسلاید 12: Positioning of ClinicianPositioning will allow relaxation, prevent fatigue, and permit free movement of arms, hands, and bodyWeight evenly distributed and should shift from one foot to the other Fit your hands to contour of area being treatedHands should be warm

اسلاید 13: Treatment TechniquesPressure regulation determined by the type and amount of tissue present and patients condition Rhythm must be steady and evenDuration depends on the pathology, size of the area being treated, speed of motion, age, size, and condition With swelling begin proximally to facilitate lymphatic flow -uncorking effect

اسلاید 14: Treatment TechniquesMassage should never be painful Direction of forces should parallel muscle fibers Begin and end with effleurage Make sure patient is warm and in a comfortable, relaxed positionBody part may be elevated if necessary Sufficient lubricant should be usedBegin with superficial stroking to spread lubricant

اسلاید 15: Treatment TechniquesStroke should overlapPressure should be in line with venous flow followed by a return stroke All strokes should be rhythmic

اسلاید 16: Equipment Set UpTableLinens and pillowsLubricantShould be absorbed slightly by skin but does not make it slippery Combination of one part beeswax to three parts coconut oil Other types of lubricants that may be used are olive oil, mineral oil, cocoa butter, hydrolanolin, analgesic creams, alcohol, powder

اسلاید 17: Preparation of PatientPatient should be in a relaxed, comfortable positionPart involved in treatment must be adequately supported Prone, supine, seatedClothing should be removed from part being treated

اسلاید 18: Hoffa MassageClassical massage technique which uses a variety of superficial strokesEffleurage Petrissage Tapotment Vibration

اسلاید 19: Effleurage (Stroking)Every massage begins and ends with effleurageIncreases venous and lymphatic flow Increases circulation to skin surface Start with a light pressure, move centripetally or centrifugally cosistently throughout treatment

اسلاید 20: Effleurage (Stroking)Deep stroking is a form of effleurage, except it is given with more pressure to produce a mechanical effect

اسلاید 21: Petrissage (Kneading)Consists of kneading manipulations that press and roll muscles under fingers or handsMuscles are gently squeezed, lifted, and relaxed Hands may remain stationary or move along length of muscle or limb

اسلاید 22: Petrissage (Kneading)Purpose is to increase venous and lymphatic return and to press metabolic waste products out of affected areas through intensive vigorous action Can also break up adhesions between skin and underlying tissue

اسلاید 23: Tapotment (Percussion)Uses a variety of percussive or beating techniques Used to increase circulation and blood flow Used to stimulate peripheral nerve endings

اسلاید 24: Tapotment (Percussion)Hacking

اسلاید 25: Tapotment (Percussion)HackingSlapping

اسلاید 26: Tapotment (Percussion)HackingSlappingBeating

اسلاید 27: Tapotment (Percussion)HackingSlappingBeatingTapping

اسلاید 28: Tapotment (Percussion)HackingSlappingBeatingTapping Clapping or cupping

اسلاید 29: VibrationA fine tremulous movement, made by hand or fingers placed firmly against a part causing a part to vibrateHands should remain in contact and a rhythmical trembling movement will come from arms

اسلاید 30: Transverse Friction MassageTechnique for treating chronic tendon inflammationPurpose is to increase inflammatory response to progress healing process Use strong pressure in perpendicular direction to fibers for 7 to 10 minutes every other day

اسلاید 31: Connective Tissue Massage (Bindegewebsmassage) Stroking technique carried out in layers of connective tissue on body surfaceAbnormal tension in one part of tissue is reflected in other partsStroking produces a relaxation of muscular tension and a prickling warmth in areaUsed mostly in Europe

اسلاید 32: Connective Tissue Massage (Bindegewebsmassage) Patient is usually in sitting position Basic stroke of pulling performed with tips, or pads, of the middle and ring fingers of either handStroking technique characterized by a tangential pull on skin and subcutaneous tissues away from fascia Technique causes sharp pain in tissue

اسلاید 33: Connective Tissue Massage (Bindegewebsmassage) No lubricant is usedTreatments last about 15 to 25 minutes After 15 treatments 2-3 times per week, there should be a rest period of 4 weeksConnective tissue massage must be learned and performed initially under direct supervision of someone who has been taught these highly specialized techniques

اسلاید 34: Acupresure, Shiatsu, and Myofascial Trigger PointsAcupressure and Shiatsu points based on ancient Chinese art of acupunctureMyofascial trigger points found in skeletal muscle and tendons, in myofascia, in ligaments and capsules surrounding joints, in periosteum, in skin May be activated and become painful due to some trauma to muscle occuring either from direct trauma or from overuse

اسلاید 35: Acupresure, Shiatsu, and Myofascial Trigger PointsPain results from inflammatory response Pain usually referred to areas which follow a specific pattern Stimulation of these points has been demonstrated to result in pain reliefAcupressure points and myofascial trigger points are similar

اسلاید 36: Acupressure Massage TechniquesLocate points from chart Use fingers or elbow to do small friction- like circular motions Amount of pressure applied should be intense and painful Patient reports a dulling or numbing effect Treatment times range from 1-5 min at several points

اسلاید 37: Myofascial ReleaseHas also been referred to as soft tissue mobilization Group of stretching techniques used to relieve soft tissue from abnormal grip of tight fasciaMyofascial restrictions are unpredictable and may occur in many different planes and directions

اسلاید 38: Myofascial ReleaseTreatment is on localizing restriction and moving into the direction of the restriction Myofascial manipulation relies heavily on experience of clinician

اسلاید 39: Myofascial Release TechniquePreparing clinician’s handsUse limited lubricantPositoning critical to maximize effects of treatment

اسلاید 40: Rolfing (Structural Integration)Goal is to balance body within a gravitational field through manual soft tissue manipulation If balanced movement is essential at a particular joint but nearby tissue is restrained, both the tissue and the joint will relocate to a position which accomplishes a more appropriate equilibrium

اسلاید 41: Rolfing (Structural Integration)Technique involves 10 hour long sessions each of which emphasizes some aspect of posture with massage directed toward the myofasciaMajor aspect is to intregrate structural with psychological and emotional aspects

اسلاید 42: TragerCombines mechanical soft tissue mobilization and neurophysiological reeducationUses gentle, passive, rocking oscillations emphasizing traction and rotation as a relaxation techniqueAttempts to establish neuromuscular control so that more normal movement patterns can be routinely performed

اسلاید 43: Indications For Massageincrease coordinationdecrease pain decrease neuromuscular excitibilitystimulate circulation facilitate healingrestore joint mobilityremove lactic acid alleviate muscle crampsincrease blood flowincrease venous returnretard muscle atrophyincrease range of motionedemamyofascial trigger pointsstretching scar tissue

اسلاید 44: Indications For Massageadhesionsmuscle spasm myositisbursitisfibrositistendinitis revascularization Raynauds diseaseintermittent claudicationdysmenorrhea headachesmigraines

اسلاید 45: Contraindications For Massagearteriosclerosisthrombosis embolismsevere varicose veinsacute phlebitiscellulitissynovitisabscessesskin infections cancers acute inflammatory conditio