اکولوژی جاده ها (به زبان فارسی و انگلیسی به همراه رفرنس)

اکولوژی جاده ها (به زبان فارسی و انگلیسی به همراه رفرنس)

اسلاید 1: ROAD ECOLOGYTopic of the lesson: example (Landscape Ecology) d&w: your name Dr. ……Environmental group Your Department: example (Department of Natural Resources),

اسلاید 2:

اسلاید 3: Humans are responsible for the current unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss across the globe with climate change, pollution, and the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of habitat being the major drivers of extinction (Vitousek et al. 1997). Roads and other linear infrastructure are a major cause of habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation and are ubiquitous in most landscapes around the world. Worldwide, there are already an estimated 750 million vehicles travelling on approximately 50 million km of public road, and the road network and traffic volumes are still increasing, particularly in eastern Europe, China, India, and Latin America.s

اسلاید 4: Roads are known to cause significant damage to forests, prairies, streams and wetlands. Besides the direct habitat loss due to the road itself, and the roadkill of animal species, roads alter water-flow patterns, increase noise, and air pollution, create disturbance that alters the species composition of nearby vegetation thereby reducing habitat for local native animals, and act as barriers to animal movements.

اسلاید 5: The chemicals applied to roads along with grit for de-icing are primarily Salt and calcium chloride.Other chemicals such as urea are also used.These chemicals leave the road surface either in water runoff or in water spray. Vegetation can be damaged by salt as far as 100 m from the road. An increased level of chloride in water due to salt application to roads can be widespread in waterways, rather than a local phenomenon of the road edge itself.

اسلاید 6: Noise pollution is a factor of environmental degradation that is often overlooked and typically seen as not having a significant impact, though traffic noise can contribute to numerous disturbances for wildlife.