تزریق ایمن Safe Injections
اسلاید 1: WHO/EPISafe InjectionsAna Maria HenaoWorld Health OrganizationEPI/V&B
اسلاید 2: WHO/EPI Every country should: ensure the quality & safety of its vaccines ensure the safety of immunizations be able to rapidly detect immunization safety issues be prepared to effectively deal with immunization safety issues when they arise
اسلاید 3: WHO/EPIPatient with cirrhosis in AfricaWhat is the magnitude of the problem ?Burden of diseaseHBV infections: 8-16 millionsHCV infections: 2.3 - 4.7 millionsHIV Infections: 80,000 to 160,000Cost1.3 million future early deaths26 million of years of life lostUS$535 million direct medical costs
اسلاید 4: One sterile needle and syringe for each dose ….
اسلاید 5: WHO/EPINot always ensured..! Unsafe practice ?
اسلاید 6: WHO/EPIInjections Administered with an unsterilized Syringe and/or a Needle0%10%20%30%40%50%60%ChinaIndiaSub-Saharan AfricaMiddle East crescentFormer socialist economies of EuropeSimonsen et al, Bull WHO 1999Other Asia and PacificEstimated proportion
اسلاید 7: WHO/EPIInjection safety equipment & SuppliesEnsuring quality Increasing accessImproving knowledge Auto-Disable SyringeBy 2001, A-D syringes for allinjections in routine programme
اسلاید 8: Needles should not be recapped …..
اسلاید 9: WHO/EPIEstimated Risk of Infection Following a Needlestick from an Infected Source-Patient0.30%3%30%0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C VirusHIVSource: Needlestick injuries studies among healthcare workersIs the risk higher enough ?
اسلاید 10: WHO/EPISharps Waste ManagementPolicyIntegrated, comprehensive approachImplementation-planTraining Monitoring Children playing with syringes in AsiaIs the problem real ?
اسلاید 11: Be able to rapidly address immunization safety issues
اسلاید 12: WHO/EPIAdverse events: programmatic errorInsulin vialVaccine vialsTTDTP
اسلاید 13: WHO/EPIMass campaignsAn opportunity to strengthenimmunization safety ?
اسلاید 14: WHO/EPI INJECTION SAFETYKey steps during mass campaignsAuto-disable syringes should be provided together with high quality vaccine for ALL elective and emergency immunization masscampaigns
اسلاید 15: WHO/EPI One syringe should be used for each dose administered.Measles vaccine should be administered subcutaneouslyNeedles should NOT be recapped. INJECTION SAFETYKey steps during mass campaigns
اسلاید 16: WHO/EPIUsed syringes should be dropped in a safety box or puncture resistant container immediately after use INJECTION SAFETYKey steps during mass campaigns
اسلاید 17: WHO/EPIUsed disposable and auto-destruct syringes should be stored in a safe place and incinerated soon after. INJECTION SAFETYKey steps during mass campaigns
اسلاید 18: WHO/EPI INJECTION SAFETYKey steps during mass campaignsWhere will the safety boxes disposed ?Who is collecting all the safety boxes after the campaign?How will they be transported ?Who is going to verify that it happens ?
اسلاید 19: WHO/EPIResponding to reports of AEFIMedia hear firstCrisis situationHasty regulatory action detrimental to the immunization program; loss of public confidence
اسلاید 20: WHO/EPI
اسلاید 21: WHO/EPIInjection Safety at Country LevelInitial assessmentNational coalitionImplementation of a three-prong approach1- Behaviour change2- Equipment and supplies3- Sharps waste managementMonitoring and evaluation
اسلاید 22: WHO/EPIHow to ensure all this ?Prepare a work planwhat, where, when, who ?TrainSupervise-monitor before - during - afterEvaluateUse experience to improve….
اسلاید 23: WHO/EPI
اسلاید 24: World Health OrganizationThe Safe Injection Global Network (SIGN) Weekly moderated E-mail list server (sign@who.int)Internet site (www.injectionsafety.org)
اسلاید 25: WHO/EPIIn the pipeline……….. Needle - free devices New/modified JET INJECTORS AEROSOL vaccination VVM for measles
اسلاید 26: WHO/EPIConclusionsInjection safety should be considered as a priorityTime has come to implement actionTiming has a lot to do with the outcome of a rain dance
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