صدمات سوختگی
اسلاید 1: Burn InjuriesChen Hui-Mei
اسلاید 2: EpidemiologyTissue injury caused by thermal, electrical, or chemical agentsCan be fatal, disfiguring, or incapacitating~ 1.25 million burn injuries per year45,000 hospitalized per year4500 die per year (3750 from housefires)3rd largest cause of accidental death
اسلاید 3: Risk FactorsFire/CombustionFirefighterIndustrial WorkerOccupant of burning structuresChemical ExposureIndustrial WorkerElectrical ExposureElectricianElectrical Power Distribution Worker
اسلاید 4: Anatomy and Physiology of Skin
اسلاید 5: SkinLargest body organ. Much more than a passive organ.Protects underlying tissues from injuryTemperature regulationActs as water tight seal, keeping body fluids inSensory organ
اسلاید 6: SkinInjuries to skin which result in loss, have problems with:InfectionInability to maintain normal water balanceInability to maintain body temperature
اسلاید 7: LayersEpidermisDermisSubcutaneosUnderlying StructuresFasciaNervesTendonsLigamentsMusclesOrgansAnatomy & Physiology of the Skin
اسلاید 8: SkinEpidermisDeeper layers divide to produce the stratum corneum and also contain pigment to protect against UV radiationDermisConsists of tough, elastic connective tissue which contains specialized structures
اسلاید 9: Skin Dermis - Specialized StructuresNerve endingsBlood vesselsSweat glandsOil glands - keep skin waterproof, usually discharges around hair shaftsHair follicles - produce hair from hair root or papillaEach follicle has a small muscle (arrectus pillorum) which can pull the hair upright and cause goose flesh
اسلاید 10: Depth ClassificationSuperficialPartial thicknessSuperficial DeepFull thickness
اسلاید 11: Depth of Burn
اسلاید 12: ClassificationsTraditionally classified as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degreeNow classified as partial thickness and full thickness
اسلاید 13: Burn DepthSuperficial Burn: 1st Degree BurnSigns & SymptomsReddened skinPain at burn siteInvolves only epidermis
اسلاید 14: Burn Classifications1st degree (Superficial burn)Involves the epidermisCharacterized by reddeningTenderness and PainIncreased warmthEdema may occur, but no blisteringBurn blanches under pressureExample - sunburnUsually heal in ~ 7 days
اسلاید 15: Burn ClassificationsFirst Degree Burn (Superficial Burn)
اسلاید 16: Burn DepthPartial-Thickness Burn: 2nd Degree BurnSigns & SymptomsIntense painWhite to red skinBlistersInvolves epidermis & dermis
اسلاید 17: Burn Classifications2nd degreeDamage extends through the epidermis and involves the dermis.Not enough to interfere with regeneration of the epitheliumMoist, shiny appearanceSalmon pink to red colorPainfulDoes not have to blister to be 2nd degreeUsually heal in ~7-21 days
اسلاید 18: Burn Classifications2nd Degree Burn (Partial Thickness Burn)
اسلاید 19: Partial Thickness BurnsCan be described as “superficial” or “deep”.Painful due to injured and exposed nerve endings. Able to heal, not completely destroyed.Intact blisters indicate superficial partial thickness burns.Deep partial thickness burns may become full thickness burns as a result of infection, trauma, and decreased blood supply.
اسلاید 20: Burn DepthFull-Thickness Burn: 3rd Degree BurnSigns & SymptomsDry, leathery skin (white, dark brown, or charred)Loss of sensation (little pain)All dermal layers/tissue may be involved
اسلاید 21: Burn Classifications3rd degreeBoth epidermis and dermis are destroyed Thick, dry appearancePearly gray or charred black colorPainless - nerve endings are destroyedPain is due to intermixing of 2nd degreeMay be minor bleedingCannot heal and require grafting
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