Cost Accounting Foundations and Evolutions Kinney, Prather, Raiborn
اسلاید 1: Chapter 12Introduction to Cost Management SystemsCost AccountingFoundations and EvolutionsKinney, Prather, Raiborn
اسلاید 2: Learning Objectives (1 of 2)Explain why companies have management control systemsList the goals of cost management systemsDescribe the factors that influence the design of cost management systems
اسلاید 3: Learning Objectives (2 of 2)List the three groups of elements that affect the design of cost management systems and explain the purposes of these elementsDefine gap analysis and explain how it is used when implementing a cost management system
اسلاید 4: Cost AccountingFinancial AccountingUses cost accounting information for external reportingConforms to GAAPHighly aggregatedHistorical
اسلاید 5: Cost AccountingManagement AccountingUses cost accounting information for internal purposes – planning, controlling, decision, making, and performance evaluationSegmentedCurrentRelevant
اسلاید 6: Cost AccountingWhen cost accounting is shaped and dominated by financial accounting needs, the information generated may be of limited value to managersA Cost Management System may provide information that is more relevant to internal usersis part of the Management Information System
اسلاید 7: Cost Management System (CMS)Formal methods to plan and control an organization’s cost-generating activities with major challenges ofAchieving profitability in the short runMaintaining a competitive position in the long run
اسلاید 8: Short RunOrganizational EfficiencySpecific costs: manufacturing, service, marketing, administrationTimely, accurate, highly specific, short termLong RunSurvivalCost categories: customers, suppliers, products, distribution channelsPeriodic, reasonably accurate, broad focus, long termCost Management System (CMS)ObjectiveFocusInformation CharacteristicsIMA 1998
اسلاید 9: Cost Management System GoalsDevelop product costsAssess product/service life-cycle performanceImprove understanding of processes and activitiesControl costsMeasure performanceAllow pursuit of organizational strategies
اسلاید 10: The design of the CMS is influenced byOrganizational form, structure, and cultureOrganizational mission and core competenciesOperations and competitive environment and strategiesCost Management System
اسلاید 11: Organizational Form, Structure, CultureChoice of form affectsCost of raising capitalCost of operating businessCost of litigatingStatutory authority to make decisionsForms of the business includeCorporations, Partnerships, LLPs, LLCs
اسلاید 12: Organizational Form, Structure, CultureDistribute authority and responsibility Centralized or decentralized decision makingGroup subunitsGeographically By similar missions (build, harvest, or hold)By natural product clustersDetermine accountability for cost management and organizational controlDetermine the information needed by the decision maker
اسلاید 13: Organizational Form, Structure, CultureOrganizational CultureUnderlying set of assumptions about the entity and the goals, processes, practices, and values that are shared by its membersHow people interact with each otherExtent to which individuals take authority and assume responsibility for organizational outcomes
اسلاید 14: Organizational Mission and Core CompetenciesBusiness mission regarding competitionAvoid competitionProduct DifferentiationCost LeadershipConfront competition by identifying and exploiting temporary opportunitiesBusiness mission in relation to product life cycle
اسلاید 15: Organizational Mission and Core CompetenciesTimelinessQualityCustomer serviceEfficiency and cost controlResponsiveness to changeThe cost management system gathers data and reports about core competencies
اسلاید 16: Operations and Competitive Environment and StrategiesManagement needs to assess theCost structure, including the proportion of fixed and variable costsLevel of technology costs, which tend to be fixed and not susceptible to short-run controlProduction capacityFlexibility to respond to a change in short-term conditions
اسلاید 17: Operations and Competitive Environment and StrategiesStrategies include Being first to market, which allows pricing flexibility increase market share large per-unit profitSubstantial reducing product costsdevelop new production processescapture learning curve effectsincrease capacity utilizationcreate a focused factory arrangementdesign for manufacturability, logistical support, reliability, maintainability
اسلاید 18: Operating and Competitive Environment and StrategiesSupplier relationsform strategic alliancesinvolve suppliers in product design and developmentlink electronicallyIntegration of entire information systempayrollinventorybudgetingcosting
اسلاید 19: CMS ElementsMotivational elementsInformation elementsReporting elements
اسلاید 20: Implement CMSGap AnalysisIdentify gap to overcomePrioritize differencesDevelop and deploy improvementsRepeat process to ensure continuous improvementGAP
اسلاید 21: Enterprise Resource PlanningFor a truly integrated CMSStandardize information systems/replace legacy systemsAutomate and integrate transfer of data among systemsImprove the quality of informationImprove timeliness of informationreal-time, on-line reportingJDEdwardsSAPOracle
اسلاید 22: QuestionsWhy do companies have management control systems?How does the external operating environment affect the cost management system?What is gap analysis?
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