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Overview ve Rowe Education
* Corl Renble (PSO-3SO08C)
* Onweste ehucuica by porevis, esp. pater Porter
* @griedhird, dowestic, word, & cul chile, Por bots boye/aide
* Op stro cattocrad حصنا
* pure Ours = مد موم( معط
* bate Republe (BOO-DC)
۰ Boerqeure of wore Porcwd, tiered schools, by obtiyy > جيه
* Greek inPlucare sireagheos ww! private tuore, lieroture, higher ed.
3 Wet Qowan repent لو ,ها رت اه وت ما اه عاسب
“premio” shite
* Expire
* مكحا oF private shor
* Qore intercatiocd studeat body:
I didn’t learn geometry and literary criticism and useless nonsense like
that. | learned how to read the letters on public inscriptions. | learned
how to divide things into hundreds and work out percentages and |
know weights, measures and currency. Perris,
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ای ی
* Prema Ocho (wl beercicr or coxnerter heh)
> Recah ope bere, hewmen ro مدق شب
و erect une bs & othe (OPED oo)
+ لمم gray tee eee ee الع
Sie ere eth ان سم ی بو me
(هسی لش سای تمسق ۰
nese تس كه 3 سس اس ويه
ی
alpen = مرن روم ما با و6
* Ontory Geko!" Ovkee” (wl rhetr)
دا بت و lias
بوچ وس
6 م
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Gckool LiPe
7 @radesic ‘/ rar
+ Berg Dak OF (Peet of Oxeria)
* 18 )مهوت رم عولاها نوی نج ارو 19-00(
* Gooner stot, Brlowed by hchlsrots & cheer
۰۶ Corpord Puviskwedt powers
* یی eure, hur, posterior oll Pair و
° Alone rePenred to hie jeocher Orbhe oso “pkreme” (hrocher!)
* Pedagogy
+ Ord ما موه dep ictios)
مج و اوه موه
* 0 حفصم (hein cowep) ue. تسم جوم ehntiows) ve.
سکب (berry) ch ra)
* ای مه اجه مرو و( ۳۰ BO
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بب ۲۲
زا
aus
518 3
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Fig.16 Waxed writing-tablets, strung together
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Gckovl biPe 11
* Paeckeper (‘cht kok”)
4 ee
26 Education in Ancient Rome
0 اوق *
۰ مور Por older یه
"Ord Por otudeate tortor, ord
Wy gta expen ta pki,
مرن racic
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° Gest his sva او و عجا() با عجو(]) his
اک ers Ge
Pour)
۰ مان 09-00 HO) 2
* Qanne Pubs Quictiocus
و سسوم جز Qowe—awyer دا لو *
را سس کج
ae
* thor oF شتا Oran, oa teckciod ports of
speech ann tron oP priors —
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(Phutanch oo Cur the Cher
tacts سس wheg the child wos ofl eozudhs io read, Cutz بیط
read ced varie, eve though he ouvced وا مت charge ced fought
اوه لو we uocrwplished shove ...who wos 9 teacher ood
wor boys. ut uty did ont thick it proper Por his svc to be
ot stave or to hove hie ears tweoked by a shave wheo برط لا
he wos u stow teuruer, or ty owe to shove sv previous u yt os
Rie educaic. MherePore, Cato was his ready feucher, his ku
proobessor, his uhtetic ovack. ...We ose suve thot he wrote his
books fo hacge letters sv thot his svu wight have the vpportuciiy ot
howe to berowe Pocoiiar wits his society's cariedt rustows ocd
trodiicas. We wes corel to avoid todermedt frogquace ict hig soos
.ه1795
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weeds Gutres oc teucker's sur
Obst qreanwotives ...ever receives the sotory whicl his hard
work deserves? Bad theg this anu, however sczall ( باه
fess thog a eter eorus) ts Pudker diicished by bribes to weedy
سا )مسر روموت و و( له سم ملسم
US pou yet باه 9 روم یو too classroos tt the widdle oP
وا مه مب له وا or wolworker would be oo the job!
Os too, os pou yet sowe wooey Por eodurag ihe stay oP vil
fase ( olive vil)..ced pet rarely de pou yet pour weep wihoulo
pow cose. (Dui stl he poreuts set nepossible stoadacds Por pou.
“fou wust how ی weworize
Ristory books und .. Mkeo the poreds suv, "De your job well,
wed whe the eed oF the peor cower, we'll pay you Por the
twelve spook period the sawe ospoudt thot a choriot ddver eorcs
iu vor race.
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ند
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_. Fig.10 ‘Work hard, boy, lest you be thrashed’. A salutary warning, or an
1 imposition; written by the master and copied four times by the
boy.
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Education in Ancient Rome
Overview of Roman Education
• Early Republic (750-350BC)
•
•
•
•
Domestic education by parents, esp. paterfamilias
Agricultural, domestic, moral, & civil skills, for both boys/girls
No strong national literature
Spurius Carvilius = first fee-paying “ludus”
• Late Republic (300-0BC)
• Emergence of more formal, tiered schools, by ability > age
• Greek influence strengthens w/ private tutors, literature, higher ed.
• Yet Roman reject Greek music, athletics in favor of oratory, law, and
“practical” skills
• Empire
• Abundance of private schools
• More international student body
I didn’t learn geometry and literary criticism and useless nonsense like
that. I learned how to read the letters on public inscriptions. I learned
how to divide things into hundreds and work out percentages and I
know weights, measures and currency.
-Petronius,
Types of schools
•
Primary School (w/ litterator or magister ludi)
•
•
•
•
•
Secondary School (w/ grammaticus)
•
•
•
•
Reading w/ simple letters, phrases from texts & inscriptions
Writing w/ erasable wax tablet & stylus (CAPS only)
Simple math w/ abacus or pebbles (and Roman numerals)
Low fees, open to any student, mixed social classes
Writing w/ parchment & quills for advanced students
Latin & Greek for elite students
Oratory, beg. rhetoric, poetry, grammar = civic/political training
Oratory School/”College” (w/ rhetor)
•
More advanced rhetoric; typically noble students
School Life
• Academic Year
• Began March 24 (Feast of Minerva)
• 7 days/week, but many holidays (e.g., Quinquatria (Mar. 19-24)
• Sunrise start, followed by lunch/siesta & classes
• Corporal Punishment common
• Knuckles, ears, hair, posterior all fair targets
• Horace referred to his teacher Oribilus as a “plagosus” (thrasher!)
• Pedagogy
• Oral emphasis (dictation, lecture, disputation)
• Memorization and recitation, enunciation
• Quaestiones (abstract concepts) vs. causae (specific situations) vs.
declamatio (advocacy of action)
• No systematic study or curriculum until 1 st c. BC
Roman tools for school
Roman Writing Tablets
Roman Abacus
School Life II
• Paedagogus (“child leader”)
• Family slave (often Greek) who
accompanied boy to/from school,
provided tutoring & safety
• School Buildings
• Rarely purpose-built buildings
• Rough, backless benches
• Apprenticeships for older students
• Vital for students to network, and
to gain experience in diplomacy,
military tactics
Famous Roman Teachers
• Cicero (103BC-43BC)
• Roman statesman, orator, lawyer, political scientist, &
prose stylist
• Sent his son Marcus to Athens to complete his
education, as many wealthy families did (=Grand
Tour)
• Quintilian (35-100 AD)
• Marcus Fabius Quintilianus
• Trained in Rome—lawyer in Spain--assistant to
Emperor Galba—opens a school of Rhetoric in
Rome.
• Tutor to Domitian’s grand-nephews
• Author of Istitutio Oratorio, on technical points of
speech and training of orators—
Plutarch on Cato the Elder
• …And when the child was old enough to read, Cato himself took
charge and taught him to read and write, even though he owned
an accomplished slave …who was a teacher and had instructed
many boys. But Cato did not think it proper for his son to be
criticized by a slave or to have his ears tweaked by a slave when
he was a slow learner, or to owe to a slave so precious a gift as
his education. Therefore, Cato was his reading teacher, his law
professor, his athletic coach. …He also says that he wrote his
book in large letters so that his son might have the opportunity at
home to become familiar with his society’s ancient customs and
traditions. He was careful to avoid indecent language in his son’s
presence.
Juvenal’s Satires on teacher’s salary
• What grammaticus …ever receives the salary which his hard
work deserves? And then this amount, however small ( certainly
less than a rhetor earns) is further diminished by bribes to greedy
paedogogues and fees to accountants….resign yourself. As long
as you get some money for sitting in a classroom in the middle of
the night when no laborer or woolworker would be on the job!
As long as you get some money for enduring the stink of oil
lamps ( olive oil)…and yet rarely do you get your money without a
court case. But still the parents set impossible standards for you.
You must know the rules of grammar perfectly, memorize
history books and .. Then the parents say, "Do your job well,
and when the end of the year comes, we’ll pay you for the
twelve month period the same amount that a chariot driver earns
in one race.
Roman Education