Examination Issues in Natural Products
اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir
اسلاید 2: Examination Issues in Natural ProductsBrenda BrumbackSPE Art Unit 1654
اسلاید 3: GreeceMiddle East Herbals Around the WorldChina India
اسلاید 4: Europe In the beginning of the 18th century, Swedish Botonist Carl Linnaeus developed the Latin Botanical Classification system:KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
اسلاید 5: United StatesNative Americans passed along medicinal knowledge of indigenousplants to the earlyAmerican settlers.
اسلاید 6: Herbal Medicines in U.S. Patents424/725-779:Plant material or plant extract of undetermined constitution as active ingredient (e.g., herbal remedy, herbal extract, powder, oil, etc.). 514/783:Plant extract or plant material of undetermined constitution.
اسلاید 7: Prosecution of Plant Extract (Herbal) ApplicationsRestriction:A Markush group of plant extracts recited in a claim should be limited to extracts derived from plants of the same botanical family or genus.Claims that alternatively recite a large number of extracts derived from plants that have little in common are likely to be subject to a restriction requirement.
اسلاید 8: Idiomatic Language“Ginmei” (golden stripes on green-culm or stalk)“Invigorates Qi”“Expels heat from heart”
اسلاید 9: Claim LanguageThe correct botanical name (Latin Botanical) is written in italics with the genus name capitalized, and the species name all in lower case.
اسلاید 10: Botanical NomenclatureHarpagophytum procumbens, also known as devil’s claw, grapple plant, or wood spider.Larrea divaricata, also known as chaparral, creosote bush, greasewood, stinkweed.Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem and also known as margosa, nim, nimba.
اسلاید 11: Products of Nature are not Patentable under 35 U.S.C. 101A composition comprising phytochemical X:
اسلاید 12: An Enabling Disclosure It is important to sufficiently describe how to make and use the claimed extract or material. The part/parts of the plant usedThe plant name/namesThe type/types of solvent used Extraction temperature and pHMaterial used fresh or dried and/or chopped or powderedSeparation/fractionation/recovery/isolation steps
اسلاید 13: The particular part of the plant from which the extract is obtained is often essential.Roots/rhizome/bulb: asparagus, beet, garlic, ginseng, Narcissus, PolygonatumLeaves: aloe, Barosma, Betula, Camellia, Cassia, Ginkgo, Prunus laurocerasusBark: Canella, poplar, Prunus serotina, Quercus roburFlower: Artemisia, Arum, Prunus spinosaFruit: Barberry, Vaccinium, Sorbus, Pyrus, Rhamnus
اسلاید 14: Drafting Claims to a Plant ExtractProduct-By-Process ClaimsHerbal extracts are prepared with:WaterPolar solventsNon-polar solventsAcidsBases
اسلاید 15: Examples of preferred claim languageAn alcoholic extract of Narcissus bulb.An aqueous extract of a Palma fruit.A hot water extract obtained from the dried leaves of Nepeta cataria.An extract from chopped fresh roots of Harpagophytum procumbens, whereby the extract is obtained using a non-polar solvent.
اسلاید 16: Anticipation under 35 U.S.C. 102 Webster’s dictionary defines ‘extract’ as follows:1 a : to draw forth (as by research) <extract data> b : to pull or take out forcibly <extracted a wisdom tooth> c : to obtain by much effort from someone unwilling <extracted a confession> 2 : to withdraw (as a juice or fraction) by physical or chemical process; also : to treat with a solvent so as to remove a soluble substance 3 : to separate (a metal) from an ore 4 : to determine (a mathematical root) by calculation 5 : to select (excerpts) and copy out or cite.
اسلاید 17: Plant Extracts are UbiquitousAn extract of Coffea arabica: CoffeeAn extract of Camillia sinensis: TeaAn extract of broccoli: SoupAn extract of orange: Orange juice
اسلاید 18: Obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 As set forth in In re Kerkhoven, 626 F.2d 846, 850, 205 U.S.P.Q. 1069 (CCPA 1980), “It is prima facie obvious to combine two compositions each of which is taught by the prior art to be useful for the same purpose, in order to form a third composition which is to be used for the very same purpose...the idea of combining them flows logically from their having been individually taught in the prior art”.
اسلاید 19: Searching the Prior Art Arbre aux quarante ecus (forty coin tree) eun-haeng (fossil tree) ginan icho ityo kew tree maidenhair tree pei-wen Pterophyllus salisburiensis Nelson Salisburia adiantifolia Smith Salisburia macrophylla C. Koch temple balm tempeltrae yin guo yinhsing olium ginkgo Ginkgo folium ... gin-nan ginkgoblatter ginkgo balm Ginkgo biloba
اسلاید 20: Useful Databases for Searching Herbals Chinese Traditional Medicine PROMT on STN NAPRALERT on STN
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