Infrastructure Status Regulation and Quality Control Of Indian Medicine
اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir
اسلاید 2: Infrastructure Status, Regulation & Quality Conrol Of Indian Medicine DR. S.K. SHARMA, M.D. (AY.), Ph. D. ADVISER (AYURVEDA)Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy (AYUSH)Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Indiawww.indianmedicine.nic.inTelefax : 011-23328576E-mail : adv_ayurveda@yahoo.com
اسلاید 3: TRADITIONAL INDIAN HEALTH KNOWLEDGERich bio-diversity of India.12 agro-climatic zones.Wide range of medicinal plant species.Long history of use of medicinal plants and health practices (Ayurveda 5000 BC).Codified, organized, documented and officially recognized health systemsAyurveda-Siddha-Unani & Yoga.
اسلاید 4: OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED SYSTEMSAyurveda* Yoga*Naturopathy UnaniSiddhaHomeopathy* Yoga & Naturopahty are drugless therapies.* Homoeopathy is of German origin.
اسلاید 5: Ayurveda is a very well documented System of Health Care Practiced in Indian Sub-ContinentThe Antiquity dates back to 1000-500 BC.It is believed that Lord Brahma created Ayurveda along with the creation of mankind and universeVedas (5000 B.C.) describe about 100 plants and treatment of various diseasesSince the 1000-500 BC, Ashtang Ayurveda (eight specialities of Ayurveda) are in practice in one or the other wayOfficial Recognition by GovernmentSiddha Medicine has also a long history of origin B.C.Unani Medicine started in Greece in B.C. eraANTIQUITY OF AYURVEDA
اسلاید 6: INFRASTRUCTURERegistered Practitioners: 6,95,024Teaching institutions: 466Postgraduate institutions: 103Universities: 6 Health Universities and 2 Ayurveda Universities. Annual admission capacity 23,555 for degree coursesAnnual admission capacity for 1,888 Postgraduate courses:Hospitals: 3,100Hospital bed capacity: 66,366Dispensaries: 20,811Drug manufacturing units: 9,257
اسلاید 7: SYSTEM-WISE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INDIAN SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE Medical Colleges Registered PharmaciesSystems Under Post Practitioners Licensed Graduate Graduate by Drug Control AuthoritiesAyurveda 232 604,30,890 8,386Unani 38 08 43,108 453Siddha06 02+1 N.Instt. 17,097 384Homoeopathy 185 321,97,252 609Yoga &Naturopathy 06 455TOTAL :466 103 6,88,802 9,832Admission 23,280 2,001capacity
اسلاید 8: ORGANISATIONAL SET UP (Central Level)Central Department under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.Govt of IndiaCentral Research Councils.Central Regulatory Bodies. National Institutes.National Medicinal Plant Board.Central Pharmacopoeia Laboratories.Manufacturing Unit.Hospitals & dispensaries.
اسلاید 9: ORGANISATIONAL SET UP (State level)AYUSH Department or Ministry.State DirectoratesState Boards/Councils for registration of practitioners.State Licensing/Drug Control Authorities.State colleges/institutions.State PharmaciesState Drug Testing Laboratories.State Medicinal Plant Boards
اسلاید 10: POLICY SUPPORTIndependent Policy for AYUSH -2002. Systems enjoy Government support since independence.Health Policy-1983 envisaged integrated role of AYUSH in health delivery.National Population Policy provides for utilization of AYUSH practitioners in population stabilization Programmes.National policy in conformity with WHO strategy for traditional medicine.
اسلاید 11: NATIONAL INSTITUTES National Institute of Ayurveda, JaipurInstitute of Postgraduate Training & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar.National Institute of Unani Medicine, BangaloreNational Institute of Naturopathy, PuneMorarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New DelhiNational Institute of Siddha, ChennaiNational Academy of Ayurveda, New DelhiNational Institute of Homoeopathy, Calcutta*All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi
اسلاید 12: CENTRAL RESEARCH COUNCILS Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha(CCRAS)-39 UnitsCentral Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH) -40 UnitsCentral Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM) -25 UnitsCentral Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN)
اسلاید 13: COURSES OF STUDYDegree course – BAMS/BUMS/BSMS/BHMSPostgraduate course –M.D. (Ayu)/S/U/HPost doctorate course- Ph. D. Membership course of National Ayurveda Academy.Short & mid term courses.Diploma, degree and postgraduate courses for Pharmacy education.
اسلاید 14: MATERIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL RAW MATERIALS 95% raw materials of plant origin.About 1,000 medicinal plants commonly used.58 different types of metals and minerals.54 products of animal and marine origin.
اسلاید 15: NATIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT BOARD & STATE BOARDSCultivation & conservation of medicinal plants. Supply of quality raw and planting materials.Assessment of demand & supply position.Standardization & quality control of medicinal plants. Scientific, technological and economic research on medicinal plants. Development of agro-technology and harvesting, semi-processing and value addition techniques.Trade and export of medicinal plant products.
اسلاید 16: REGULATORY LAWSIndian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970.Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940Drugs & Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) ActBio-diversity Act.Wild Life Protection Act.Indian Forests Act.
اسلاید 17: LAW FOR EDUCATION FOR AYURVEDA, SIDDHA & UNANII.M.C.C. ACT 1970Central Government is vested with powers to grant permission for opening of new colleges, increase of admission capacity and starting of new or higher courses of study. Central Government grants permission on the basis of recommendations of State Government, affiliating university and regulatory council and availability of infrastructure as per prescribed norms.
اسلاید 18: LAW FOR PRACTICEI.M.C.C. ACT 1970Registration of practitioners mandatory.Registration requires possession of recognized qualification.Qualifications awarded by universities are included in the Act with the approval of Central Government.
اسلاید 19: LAW FOR REGULATION OF DRUGS & COSMETICS Separate chapter and rules for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs in Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940.Drug Technical Advisory Board for matters related to quality control and standardizationDrugs Consultative Committee for securing uniform administration of the legal provisions in different states.
اسلاید 20: Contd…Licensing of manufacturing units and drugs mandatory. Central Government empowered to prohibit manufacture and sale of certain drugs in public interest.Government Drug Analysts- Qualifications and Duties.Appointment of Drug inspectors.Penalty for manufacture, sale etc. of drugs in contravention of Act.
اسلاید 21: Contd…To prescribe methods of drug testing and analysis.Listing of schedule E drugs –poisonous materials.Definition of misbranded, adulterated and spurious drugs for punitive action.Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).Good Laboratory Practices.Labeling/Packing provisions.Recognition of private and public drug testing laboratories for sample analysis.
اسلاید 22: PHARMACOPOEIAL STANDARDIZATION AND TESTING FACILITIES Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) established in 1970.24 State Drug Testing Laboratories.Laboratories of universities and research councils.
اسلاید 23: PHARMACOPOEIAL WORKScientific institutions/laboratories undertake basic work of standardization.Experts of Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha phytochemistry, pharmaceutical science, pharmacognosy and medicinal plants remain associated. Pharmacopoeia Committee notified by the Government approves the pharmacopoeial standards.
اسلاید 24: PHARMACOPOEIA, FORMULARIES & ESSENTIAL DRUG LISTSAyurvedic Pharmacopoeia: 418 monographsAyurvedic Formulary: 636 formulations Unani Pharmacopoeia: 45 monographsUnani Formulary: 745 formulationsSiddha Formulary: 248 formulationsEssential drug lists published.
اسلاید 25: COMPONENTS OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINESPlants :90-95 %Minerals:1-2 %Metals:1-2 %Animal Products:1-2 %Marine Products:1-2 %These are used in single and multiple ingredients forms
اسلاید 26: Concept of Shodhana of a Drug (Purification & Detoxification of the Raw Drugs)Objects to ensure Safety:To remove the un desirous effect of raw drugs.To remove the toxic effect of raw drug To make the drug suitable as medicineThe purification is done by various processes of mixing, boiling of the raw drug with other substances with specific properties, Drying etc.
اسلاید 27: DOSAGE FORMS OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS(Multiple Ingredients) Sl. No. Dosage Form No. of ingredients Dose1. Swarasa (Expressed Juice)1-35-10 ml.2. Churna (Powder of the combinations)3-203-5 gm.3. Kwath Churna (Coarse power for 3-150-30 gm. making decoction)4. Pravahi Kwath (Preserved decoction 3.2010-20 ml. - ready for use)5. Asava and Arishta ( Fermented liquids 5-2020-30 ml. - multiple ingredients)6. Arka (Distilled medicated water)1-310-20 ml7. Avaleha (Jam like formulations)10-505-10 gm.
اسلاید 28: DOSAGE FORMS OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS Sl.No. Dosage Form No. of ingredients Dose8. Paka Khand (Confectionary 10-255-10 gm. like formulation) 9. Guggulu (Guggulu base formulation5-201-3 gm. in tab./pill form)10. Ghrita (Classified butter based 5-205-10 gm. formulations)11. Taila (Medicated/oil based 10-20External formulations)12. Lepa (For external applications)5-15External13. Malhara (Ointment)3-5External
اسلاید 29: Sl.No. Dosage Form No. of Single ingredients dose14. Satva/Ghansatva - total water extract 1-3 1/2 - 1 gm.15. Vati/Gutika (tablet/pill) 5-20 1/2 - 1 gm.16. Panaka (syrups) 5-15 10-20 ml.17. Capsules 5-10 218. Aaschayotana (Eye drops) 3-5 Local use19. Karn bindu (Ear drops) 5-10 Local use20. Nasaya (Nasal drops/insulation) 5-10 Local use DOSAGE FORMS OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS (multiple ingredients) contd.
اسلاید 30: DOSAGE FORMS OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS (multiple ingredients) contd. Sl.No. Dosage Form No. of Single Ingredients dose21.Bhasma - (Calcinated ash); 1-3 50-100 mg.(i) Mineral based ash-Compounds of Minerals)(ii) Metal based ash-Compounds of Metals)22.Lauh & Mandora - 5-20 1gm.(Iron ash based formulations); 23.Ras Yoga - (Herbo-mineral formulations)(i) Kupipakva 2-5 50-100 mg. Metallic compounds (ii) Rasayoga - Herbo-mineral5-20 125-250 mg. -metallic formulations
اسلاید 31: STANDARDIZATION OF AYURVEDA DRUGSAuthenticationHeavy Metal ContaminantsMicrobial CountPesticide ResidueMarker ComponentChromatographic ProfileExtractive ValueAsh ValueVolatile MatterMacroscopy & MicroscopyOrganoleptic EvaluationForeign Matter Authentication and Standardization of Herbal Raw Material
اسلاید 32: Standardization of Herbal Ayurvedic DrugsRaw materialsProductProcessMaterial/energy inputsOperational uniformitySafety and occupational healthIntermediate quality [in process quality controlChromatographic fingerprintAuthenticationPhysico, chemical, biological limitsStorage conditionsSize/shape/right qualityChromatographic fingerprintOrganolepthic . Physico chemical propertiesChromatographic fingerprintAssay [Chemical / biological]Storage stabilityUser safetyPackaging and labellingFor Global Competitiveness:
اسلاید 33: Chromatograph-finger-print markers for Herbal DrugsMarkers are chemically defined constituents of a herbal drug which are of interest for control purposes independent of whether they have any therapeutic activity or notMarkers may serve to calculate the quantity of herbal drug or preparation in the finished product if that marker has been quantitatively determined in the herbal drug or preparation when the starting materials are tested
اسلاید 34: TLC FINGER-PRINT Sennae folium, fructusA HNO3-Potassium hydroxide reagent (UV 365 nm)B Sodium metaperiodate reagent (UV 365 nm)1 Sennae fructus (methanol ext. 20 uL)2 Sennae folium (methanol ext. 20 uL)T1 Sennoside A T2 Sennoside BSolvent system:- n-propanol : Ethylacetate : Water : gl. acetic acid (40:40:29:1)
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اسلاید 45: 45PHARMACOPOEIAL MONOGRAPHS ON AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND FORMULATIONSAIMSCONTROL OF PRODUCT QUALITY IN TERMS OF:IdentityPurityStrengthPLANT DRUGS -> UNPROCESSED PLANT PARTS AS DRUGS (PD)
اسلاید 46: 1.Official - name of the drug - Sanskrit/Ayurvedic)2.General Introduction:3.Synonyms e.g., Regional names etc.4.Description :(a)Macroscopic, description (b)Microscopic (Pharmacognostic), description- Root-Flower- Stem-Fruit- Leaf-Seed5.Powder - diagnostic features6.Chemical constituents Pharmacopoeial Standards of Ayurvedic DrugsReference : Pharmacopoeia of India (API) Monograph
اسلاید 47: Standards of Identity, Purity and StrengthForeign matter-not more than…..% Total Ash-not more than…..%Acid insoluble ash-not more than….% Alcohol soluble extraction-not less than….% T.L.C. (IDENTITY TEST) (with method & description)Assay method of major chemical constituentProperties and Action:(i)Rasa (Taste)(ii)Guna (Properties)(iii)Virya (Predominant action)(iv)Vipaka (Metabolic action)(v)Karma (Pharmacological action) Pharmacopoeial Standards of Ayurvedic DrugsReference : Pharmacopoeia of India(API) Monograph …..contd.
اسلاید 48: Test for Heavy Metals-----Microbial Load-----Important Formulations: -----Therapeutic Uses:-----Dose:-----Authentic/Textual References----- Pharmacopoeial Standards of Ayurvedic DrugsReference : Pharmacopoeia of India(API) Monograph contd …
اسلاید 49: ABOUT 1000 SINGLE DRUGS AND 8000 COMPOUND FORMULATIONS OF RECOGNIZED MERIT ARE USED IN INDIA.AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIAL COMMITTEE [APC] TARGETED STUDY ON 600 SINGLE DRUGS.FIVE VOLUMES OF AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA (API) HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED.AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA [API]APIVOL I 80 drugsAPIVOL II 78 drugsAPIVOL III 100 drugsAPIVOL IV 68 drugsAPI VOL.V 92 drugsTotal 418 drugsAPI Vol. VI & VII are in pipeline - 160 drugs
اسلاید 50: Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani Drugs Undertaken by British Pharmacopoeia CommissionSl. Botanical NameSanskrit NameNo.Asparagus racemosus Willd RhizomeShatavariEmblica officinalis Gaertn. Dried fruitAmalaki dried fruitTerminalia arjuna W and A stem barkArjunaTinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. stem GuduchiBacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst., whole plantBrahmi (Jal brahmi)Terminalia chebula Retz. fruitHaritaki Withania somnifera (Linn) Dunal. RootAsvagandha Azadirachta indica A. Juss., leafNimbaRubia cordifolia Linn., rootManjishtaEclipta alba. Hassk, whole plantBhrngarajacontd…
اسلاید 51: Ayurvedic Drugs Undertaken by British Pharmacopoeia CommissionSl. Botanical NameSanskrit NameNo.Santalum album Linn., heartwoodSvetacandana Piper longum Linn., fruit and rootPippali/PippalimoolaTerminalia belerica. Roxb. FruitBibhitakiTribulus terrestris GokshuraConvolvulus pluricaulisSankaspuspiEmbelia ribes Burm. F., fruitVidangaPhyllanthus niruriBhumiamlaValeriana wallichi DC, rhizomeTagaraCelastrus paniculatus-seedsJyotismatiGymnema sylvestre, leafGurmar/Meshasringi
اسلاید 52: Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI)Book of multiple ingredient formulation most commonly used by the PhysicianTwo Volumes containing 636 formulations Contains ingredient Drugs with Botanical Names, part usedMethods of PreparationDosage form & Dose Indications & contraindications
اسلاید 53: Pharmacopoeial Standards of Multiple Ingredient Ayurvedic Formulations To develop SOP’s of manufacturing process of formulationTo develop standards of identity, purity and strength of ingredients & compound formulationPharmacognostic & chemical standardization Shelf life studies4.Fifteen Laboratories & manufacturing companies are working on SOP’s 5.Pharmacopoeial Standards of 100 formulation have been worked out. 6.Annual Target is 100 formulations per year to cover 300-400 most widely used in 3-4 years.
اسلاید 54: GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESSetting up of Department of ISM&H in 1995 renamed as Department of AYUSH in 2003.Setting up of National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) in 2000 to make available raw material of quality, efficacy and safety to AYUSH industries/pharmacies and promote exports through value addition.Pharmacopoeial laboratories of Indian medicines for laying down SOPs and pharmacopoeial standards. Contd.
اسلاید 55: GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES…Preparation of pharmacopoeias of Ayurveda– so far five volumes of API containing standards for 418 drugs.Separate chapter for ASU medicines in Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940.Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), non GMP units to be delicensed.Provisions regarding mandatory testing for heavy metals made mandatory from 1st January, 2006.
اسلاید 56: 1. Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine (PLIM) established in 1970 & 20 other laboratories (For evolving Pharmacopoeial Standards of Ayurveda drugs)University/Council for Scientific & Industrial Research and other National Laboratories are associated for pharmacopoeial work3. 26 State Drug Testing Laboratories for Ayurvedic drugs supported in statesPHARMACOPOEIAL LABS & TESTING FACILITIES FOR AYURVEDIC DRUGS
اسلاید 57: Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha drugs have been implemented on 23rd June, 2000. WHO guidelines have been kept in mind while preparing the document. 5500 Units are GMP compliant 2500 Non-GMP compliant units stopped productionG.M.P. FOR AYURVEDIC MEDICINES
اسلاید 58: Standards laid down for:Storage of raw material/proper authenticationManufacturing area, machines & processingRecord keeping, SOPsIn-house quality control & quality assuranceFinished goods storeWorking conditions of all sections G.M.P. FOR AYURVEDIC MEDICINES:
اسلاید 59: On GMP for Ayurveda/Siddha/Unani DrugsGMP certificate is a must if you are going to produce any Ayurveda products- Raw Materials-prescribed quality and free from contamination- Manufacturing process-infrastructure, staff- QC-adequate measure to be adopted, documents*Ref: Schedule T, Drugs & Cosmetic Act Notification (June, 2000), ISM & H, Min Health, GOIGMP Requirements- To achieve the objectives listed above, each licensee shall evolve methodology and procedures for following the prescribed process of manufacturing of drugs which should be documented as a manual and kept for reference and inspection
اسلاید 60: INDIAN DRUGS & COSMETIC ACT, 1940 REGULATION OF AYURVEDIC DRUGSSeparate Chapter IVA for Ayurveda, Siddha & Unani medicines deals with the Section 33-C of the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 in 1982.Separate Drug Technical Advisory Board under Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 for ASU drugs to advise Government on all aspects related to quality control and drug standardization.Separate Drugs Consultative Committees set up for securing uniform administration of the Act throughout India.State wise Drugs Licensing/Controlling Authorities.
اسلاید 61: *Regulation of manufacture for sale of Ayurvedic drugs through drug manufacturing license system.*Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs.*Power of Central Government to prohibit manufacture etc. of drugs in public interest.* Provision for Government Drug Analysts.*Provision for Inspectors to visit factory. contd...IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF INDIAN DRUGS & COSMETICS ACT
اسلاید 62: *Penalty for manufacture, sale etc., of drugs in contravention of the Act (Section 33 J). *Penalty for subsequent offences.Prescribe qualifications and duties of the Government Analysts. Prescribe methods of testing and analysis. To establish Laboratories for Testing and Analysis of Drugs. Schedule - E of Drug Act prescribe list of poisonous material used in ASU drugs require special safeguards contd…IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF INDIAN DRUGS & COSMETICS ACT RELATING TO AYURVEDIC MEDICINES
اسلاید 63: -Describe mis-branded (Section 33 E) adulterated (Section 33 EE) and spurious drugs (Section 33 EEE) for punitive action (fine/imprisonment)-Power of Central Government to make Rules under the Act-Schedule-T, Prescribe Good Manufacturing Practices(GMP)-Labeling/packing provisions for domestic use as well as export-Rule 160-A Recognize public, private Drug Testing Laboratories for sample analysis-Guidelines of Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF INDIAN DRUGS & COSMETICS ACT RELATING TO AYURVEDIC MEDICINES contd…..
اسلاید 64: Indian Drugs & Cosmetic Act - Spurious Drugs (ASU)Section 33 E – Mis-branded drugsSection 33 EE – Adulterated drugsSection 33 EEE – Spurious DrugsPenalty: Section 33 JImprisonment up to six months and (fine not less than Rs. 1,000)
اسلاید 65: Labeling provisions (Rule-161)Label must have the following:Name of formulationTrue list of ingredients used in the formulation together with the quantity of each ingredient If the list is long a separate list be enclosed with the packing and reference be made on the label. If ingredients are from schedule E(I) – the word “Caution: to be taken under medical supervision” should be printed both in English & Hindi”.Contd..
اسلاید 66: Contd…5.Correct statement of weights & measures Name and address of the Manufacturer7.Manufacturing License Number.8.Batch Number.9.Date of Manufacturing & Expiry Date10.Specifically indicates Ayurveda Medicine/Siddha Medicine/Unani Medicine 11. “FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY”(whenever applicable be printed)12.Testing for Heavy Metal limits for export is mandatory w.e.f. 1.1.2006 for export. Labeling provisions (Rule-161)
اسلاید 67: Research in AyurvedaCCRAS- Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & SiddhaICMR-Indian Council for Medical ResearchCSIR- Council for Scientific & Industrial ResearchDST – Department of Science & TechnologyDBT – Department of Bio-technologyNo. of Allopathic Medical CollegesBHU, AIIMS, NIMHANSGolden Triangle Initiative (GTP) of AYUSH, CSIR & ICMR
اسلاید 68: New Futuristic Initiatives AYUSH –Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Commission Golden Triangle Projects [G.T.P] to validate Ayurvedic ProductsStandardization of Ayurvedic Education , Publication of minimum Standards of Education Support to Ayush Drugs Industries More Focus on Collaborative Research in Ayurveda.Initiative for Global promotion of Ayurveda Continuation of TKDL Project to safe guard patents
اسلاید 69: QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES Publication of Pharmacopoeial standards.Publication of Formularies.Publication of Essential Drug Lists.Enforcement of GMP.Scheduled list of poisonous materials.Prohibition on misleading & objectionable advertisements.Scientific validation of classical/traditionally used medicines for safety and efficacy.
اسلاید 70: Contd…..Schedule for mandatory licensing of drug manufacturers.Misbranded, spurious and adulterated drugs defined.Legal provision for punitive action for acting in contravention of Drugs & Cosmetics Act.Mandatory testing of exported drugs for heavy metals. Self-certification of quality by manufacturers.Financial assistance to manufacturing units and Drug Testing Laboratories for improving structural and functional capacity.
اسلاید 71: Infrastructure of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Pharmaceuticals of India -Manufacturing units in government and - Cooperative sector = 40-Private drug manufacturing units about = 9,832-Government Drug testing laboratories= 21-State licensing authorities & Drug controllers = 23-Domestic market of Ayurvedic, Siddha & Unani Medicines is worth US $1400 millions (Rs. 6000 crores)-Export worth US$ 350 millions (Rs.1500 crores)-This does not include the medicines prepared by Ayurvedic doctors for dispensing to their own patients* Manufacturing Units: Ayurveda (8386), Unani (453), Siddha (384) & Homeo (609). Total = (9,832)
اسلاید 72: POSSIBLE AREA OF INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION Exchange of experts and strategies on pharmaceutical technology, databasing & digitization, pharmacopoeias, formularies, regulatory mechanism and standardization & quality control measures.Scholarship programme for students of TM desirous to undergo training at cross country institutions.Import and export of raw materials & finished TM products as per mutual agreement. Survey & Documentation of traditionally used medicinal plants, remedies and practices.
اسلاید 73: Contd…..Training programmes on agro-technology, manufacturing technology, quality control & standardization, R&D and collaborative scientific validation studies on TM.To organise bilateral and multilateral programmes on themes of common interest for development of TM.Formulation of common strategy for protection of TM against misappropriation and international market authorization of Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products.
اسلاید 74: THANKS
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