ISLAM APHOBIA
اسلاید 1: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20011 ISLAMAPHOBIAThe Myth of the Islamic ThreatNermien Al-Ali (BA:Islamic Jurisprudence & Political Science, LLB/LLM) MythsBasic Tenets of IslamIslamaphobia Myth 1 - Homogenous blocMyth 3: Islamic “Fundamentalism”Myth 2 : “Jihad”Myth 4: Islam & women
اسلاید 2: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20012ISLAMAPHOBIA: DefinitionA phenomenon reported & studied in EU(UK), US, AUST., & Russia A form of Xenophobia: phobic fear & hatred of what is ‘foreign’ or the ‘other’ because seen as a danger that threatens way of lifeIslamaphobia: phobic fear for person, family, community, society, way of life, country, civilization of some Islamic threat Mildest form - indulgence in seeing Islam as deplorable & not worthy of attention
اسلاید 3: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20013ISLAMAPHOBIA: FeaturesNegative stereotypes about Islam as the next threat to western civilization after communism: “the enemy within” - “Islamic terrorists”, “A Holy War Heads Our Way” Stereotypes of Muslims as barbaric, irrational, fanatic, supportive of terrorism, oppressive of women - simply: Anti-AmericanWorks on deeply embedded cultural biases that rationalize & spread prejudices & stereotypes - “only natural”
اسلاید 4: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20014ISLAMAPHOBIA: ConsequencesPrejudice Stereotyping Defamation Slander Attack by MediaDiscrimnation Alienation Profiling Breach of Civil libertiesHate Crimes: Verbal & Physical Abuse Vandalism & Arson of Mosques & shops Murder
اسلاید 5: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20015ISLAMAPHOBIA: ConsequencesSource: www.CAIR-net.org
اسلاید 6: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20016ISLAMAPHOBIA: ConsequencesSource: www.CAIR-net.org
اسلاید 7: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20017ISLAMAPHOBIA: OriginsBased on deeply embedded cultural biases Crusades & Inquisition - 11-16th: 5 Centuries of Holy War against infidels & heretics (Catholic Encyclopedia www.newadvent.org.cathen)Renaissance 17-18th: Voltaire: excluded Muslims from the right to tolerance in his essay (Springboard) Colonial times - up to 1960s- Orientalists portrayed Arabs & Muslims as barbarian & primitive to justify colonial conquests (Said)
اسلاید 8: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20018ISLAMAPHOBIA: Feeds on MythsMyth 1: Islam is a monolithic bloc - will spur in an act of ‘Holy War’ by a ‘fatwa’ of some bearded leaderMyth 2: Islam preaches violence against non-Muslims as infidels in the name of ‘Jihad’Myth 3: Terrorism is Islamic - a religious duty of the fundamentalists. You never know when your Muslim friend will turn more fundamental!Myth 4: Islam is oppressive of women
اسلاید 9: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 20019BASIC TENETS: General Islam means: Peace & Self-surrender to the Will of GodA universal message - confirms preceding Divine revelations. Prophet Mohamed is God’s messenger sent to complete & compliment previous revelations:Abrahamic religion: “… it is the belief of your father Abraham. It is He (God) Who has named you Muslims, both before and in this (Revelation)” 22:786 pillars of faith and 5 pillars of religion
اسلاید 10: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200110BASIC TENETS: Pillars of Faith6 Pillars of faith: To believe in GodHis angelsHis Messengers (prophets)His Books (Scriptures)Day of JudgementFate & Destiny - good & bad
اسلاید 11: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200111BASIC TENETS: Pillars of Islam 5 Pillars of PracticeTestify (declare) that no gods but God and that Mohamed is His Messenger Pray 5 times a day (Ritual - ablution)Fast the month of Ramadan (lunar calendar)Pay alms (2.5% of annual savings)Pilgrimage to Mecca (Rituals traced to Abraham & Hajar)
اسلاید 12: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200112BASIC TENETS: Pillars of IslamPRAYER: Ruk’a
اسلاید 13: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200113BASIC TENETS: Pillars of Islam
اسلاید 14: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200114BASIC TENETS: Pillars of Islam
اسلاید 15: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200115ISLAMAPHOBIA: Feeds on MythsMyth 1: Islam is a monolithic bloc - will spur in an act of ‘Holy War’ by a ‘fatwa’ of some bearded leader
اسلاید 16: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200116Myth 1 - Islam is a monolithic blocAround 1.4 Billion Muslims in the world - Only 18% are ArabsLargest Muslim population in Indonesia 201M. 55M Russia, 100M India, 24 in EU, 7-10 US (2nd largest religion)Muslims comprise 4000 ethnic groups in 128 countries So-called Islamic nations are members of Islamic league Muslims follow no single religious authority – no priesthood
اسلاید 17: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200117Myth 1 - Islam is a monolithic blochttp://islamicweb.com/begin/population.htm
اسلاید 18: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200118Myth 1 - Islam is a monolithic bloc: America
اسلاید 19: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200119Myth 1 - .. Can be mobilized by a ‘fatwa’Fatwa is a non-binding juristic opinion usually passed by Muslim scholars to respond to a new situation. A fatwa that is contrary to Islamic ‘law’ is void prima facie Sources of Islamic law/jurisprudence: 1. Quran: Actual words of God revealed to Prophet Mohamed through Gabriel remained & will remain unchanged2. Hadith: Prophet teachings - authenticity 7000 of 600,0003. Reasoning by Analogy (drugs) 4. Consensus
اسلاید 20: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200120ISLAMAPHOBIA: Feeds on MythsMyth 2: Islam preaches violence against non-Muslims as infidels in the name of ‘Jihad’
اسلاید 21: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200121Myth 2: Islam condones violence against non-MuslimsAggression is a vice in IslamThe Prophet defined the Muslim as one causing no verbal or physical harm to othersIslam’s greeting to everyone is “peace be upon you” Murder of one person or causing devastation of any form is equated with killing all humanity“Jihad”: Striving to do good for the sake of God - A broad concept Coming from a battle the Prophet said to the Muslims: “You came from the minor ‘Jihad’ back to the major ‘Jihad’” Asked to explain, he replied: “Inner self ‘Jihad’”
اسلاید 22: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200122Myth 2: Islam condones violence against non-MuslimsEven in cases of warGeneral: “Don’t fight those who don’t declare war on you for your faith or don’t attempt to take over your homeland” 60:8-9 “Fight for the sake of God (ie not for economic or political gain) those that fight you and do not attack first” ”If the other side want peace then make peace 4:90, 8:61If a member of the other side seeks asylum award it & ensure safety 9:6Forbidden to kill the elderly, women, children, animals or to cut a tree
اسلاید 23: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200123Myth 2: Islam condones violence against non-MuslimsReligious Tolerance most fundamental to Islam “No compulsion in religion, Truth stands out clear from Wrong” 2:255-256 - Applies to Muslims & Non-MuslimsChristians & Jews called “People of the Scriptures” - under an Islamic state are regarded as “protected subjects” with complete autonomy The Prophet’s Charter to the Monks of SinaiChristians & Jews never persecuted for their beliefs in Islamic empire. Then & now Christians keep customs, start schools, visited by missionaries
اسلاید 24: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200124ISLAMAPHOBIA: Feeds on MythsMyth 3: Terrorism is Islamic - a religious duty of the fundamentalists. You never know when your Muslim friend will turn more fundamental!
اسلاید 25: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200125Myth 3: Terrorism is Islamic - a fundamentalist duty“Fundamentalist” is meaningless - Used to denote Muslims that believe in Islam fundamentals support terrorismOriginally used to describe Protestants & other Christian groups adopting literal interpretation of the BibleTerrorism : Defined as “devastation on land” “killing people & destroying crops”. Recognized as most heinous crime Punishment for terrorism: execution, crucifixion or exile 5:33. Trial first.
اسلاید 26: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200126Myth 3: Terrorism is Islamic - a fundamentalist duty “Islamic terrorism” is an oxymoron Terrorism as a phenomena - Hitler is of the Christian faith as Saddam is of Muslim faith Terrorists justify their acts by citing authoritative sources: religion, the ConstitutionChurch of the World Creator (rejoiced 9/11)Christian Identity Movement (many terrorist acts in 1996 - but FBI cant identify them as such) www.religiousintolerance.org/cr_ident.htm
اسلاید 27: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200127‘HAREM’‘Chadour’‘Role captivity’NO SELF-DETERMINATIONISLAMAPHOBIA: Feeds on MythsMyth 4: Islam is oppressive of women
اسلاید 28: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200128Myth 4: Islam is oppressive of womenLEADERSProfessional Working Women
اسلاید 29: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200129Myth 4: Islam is oppressive of womenGeneral Equality - “We created you from one self” Taking care of home & children not obligatory. Housework is work - wages - 1991 lawCan divorce her husband if not like him“If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two or three or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal fairly (with them), then only one”4:3 “you cant be fair ..”
اسلاید 30: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200130Myth 4: Islam is oppressive of womenEconomic rightsSeek education/knowledge is duty of every MuslimRight to own & inherit property Right to contractFinancial independence - “To men is allotted what they earn, and to women what they earn” 4:32Political rightsPolitical RightsProphet confirmed as leader by men & women separately - mentioned in Quran 60:2
اسلاید 31: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200131Myth 4: Islam is oppressive of womenIslamic dress A voluntary good deed - difference of opinion - part of the good deeds that women may take in their religious/spiritual devotion Mentioned once in 24:31– basic principle is that of purity – emphasis first on lowering one’s gaze Emphasis not on appearance but mainly on piety & conduct – 7:26. No coercion or compulsion as to Islamic dress
اسلاید 32: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200132Myth 4: Islam is oppressive of womenTansu Ciller - Turkey 93-5Megawati Sukamaputri IndonesiaPanazir Bhutto Pakistan 88-90 & 93-5Hasina Wajed Bangladesh 96+Khaleda Zia Bangladesh 91-6
اسلاید 33: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200133ReferencesQuran online: www.islamicity.com/mosque/quran Index: www.islamicity.com/mosque/TOPICI.htmCouncil on American Islamic Relations: www.Cair-net.orgwww.themodernreligion.com/terror/terrorism_compare.htmlTolerance:http://salam.muslimsonline.com/~azahoor/toleran1.htmlWomen in Islam - www.mwlusa.orgBooksPatricia Springborg (of Sydney University), Western Republicanism and the Oriental Prince, Polity Press, 1992Edward Said, Orientalism: Westerners Conceptions of the Orient; 1978, Routledge & Kegan
اسلاید 34: 1/8/2018(C) N. Al-Ali, 200134THANK YOU
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