Managerial Support Systems: CHAPTER 11
اسلاید 1: CHAPTER 11Managerial Support Systems
اسلاید 2: CHAPTER OUTLINE11.1 Managers and Decision Making11.2 Business Intelligence11.3 Data Visualization Technologies 11.4 Intelligent Systems
اسلاید 3: LEARNING OBJECTIVESDescribe the concepts of management, decision making and computerized support for decision making.Describe multidimensional data analysis and data mining.Describe digital dashboards.
اسلاید 4: LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)Describe data visualization, and explain geographical information systems and virtual reality.Describe artificial intelligence (AI).Define an expert system and identify its components.Describe natural language processing and natural language generation, and neural networks.
اسلاید 5: Chapter Opening Case
اسلاید 6: 11.1 Managers and Decision Making Management
اسلاید 7: The Manager’s Job and Decision Making Managers have three basic roles (Mintzberg 1973): Interpersonal roles Informational roles Decisional roles
اسلاید 8: The Manager’s Job & Decision Making (continued)Decisions and Decision making
اسلاید 9: Decision Making Process
اسلاید 10: Why Managers Need IT SupportThe number of alternatives to be considered constantly increases.Decisions must be made under time pressure.Decisions are more complex.Decision makers can be in different locations and so is the information.
اسلاید 11: A Framework for Computerized Decision Analysis
اسلاید 12: Problem Structure The first dimension deals with the problem structure, where does the decision making processes fall along the continuum ranging from highly structured to highly unstructured decisions. Structured Unstructured Semistructured
اسلاید 13: The Nature of Decisions The second dimension of decision support deals with the nature of decisions Operational control Management control Strategic planning
اسلاید 14: 11.2 Business Intelligence (BI) Two types of BI Systems:Those that provide data analysis toolsMultidimensional data analysis (or online analytical processing) Data miningDecision support systemsThose that provide information in structured formatDigital dashboards
اسلاید 15: How Business Intelligence Works (Figure 11.3)
اسلاید 16: Multidimensional Data AnalysisProvides users with a look at what is happening or what has happened.Allows users to analyze data in such a way that they can quickly answer business questions.
اسلاید 17: Data MiningData mining performs two basic operations:Predicting trends and behaviorsIdentifying previously unknown patterns and relationships
اسلاید 18: Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision support systemsDSS capabilitiesSensitivity analysisWhat-if analysisGoal-seeking analysis
اسلاید 19: Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)Group decision support system (GDSS) Decision Room
اسلاید 20: Organizational Decision Support System (ODSS) Organizational Decision Support System (ODSS) is a DSS that focuses on an organizational task or activity involving a sequence of operations and decision makers.
اسلاید 21: Digital DashboardsDigital Dashboards:Provide rapid access to timely information.Provide direct access to management reports.Are very user friendly and supported by graphics.
اسلاید 22: Sample Performance Dashboard (Figure 11.4)
اسلاید 23: Another Example of Dashboard
اسلاید 24: Executive Dashboard Demo http://www.informationbuilders.com/rfr/qtdemo/AdvVis_ExecDash/AdvVis_ExecDash.html
اسلاید 25: A Bloomberg Terminal (Figure 11.5)
اسلاید 26: Management Cockpit (Figure 11.6)
اسلاید 27: 11.3 Data Visualization SystemsThe Power of VisualizationEven though a picture is “worth a thousand words,” we have to be very careful about just what we are seeing.Remember, on the Internet, it is “user beware!”
اسلاید 28: New York City Police Department Command CenterData visualization in action
اسلاید 29: Example of data visualizationHans Rosling at the TED Talks
اسلاید 30: Types of data visualization systems Geographic Information Systems Virtual Reality
اسلاید 31: Geographic Information System
اسلاید 32: GIS for existing land use
اسلاید 33: GISMO GISMO is a geographic information system developed for the city of Corvallis, Oregon.
اسلاید 34:
اسلاید 35: Virtual Reality
اسلاید 36: Technology of Data Glove
اسلاید 37: Virtual Reality manipulation with data glove
اسلاید 38: Driving Simulator
اسلاید 39: Flight Simulator External viewInternal view
اسلاید 40: VR Head-Mounted Display at Dentist’s Office
اسلاید 41: Virtual Tour of a museum
اسلاید 42: Virtual Reality (continued)
اسلاید 43: The VirtuSphere
اسلاید 44: VR Body Suit
اسلاید 45: 11.4 Intelligent Systems Intelligent systems Artificial intelligence (AI)
اسلاید 46: Expert Systems Expertise Expert systems (ESs)Star Trek Voyager’s doctor: a 24th century expert system
اسلاید 47: Expert Systems (continued) The transfer of expertise from an expert to a computer and then to a user involves four activities:Knowledge acquisitionKnowledge representationKnowledge inferencingKnowledge transfer
اسلاید 48: The Components of Expert Systems Knowledge base Inference engine User interface Blackboard Explanation subsystem
اسلاید 49: Structure and Process of an Expert System
اسلاید 50: Natural Language Processing & Voice TechnologiesNatural language processing (NLP) Natural language understanding / speech (voice) recognitionNatural language generation/voice synthesis
اسلاید 51: Neural Networks
اسلاید 52: Neural Network
اسلاید 53: Fuzzy LogicFuzzy logicInvolves decision in gray areas.Uses creative decision-making processes.
اسلاید 54: Chapter Closing Case
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