Space – The Final Frontier

Space – The Final Frontier

اسلاید 1: Space – The Final Frontier

اسلاید 2: Early astronomersAstronomer - Astronomers use the principles of physics and mathematics to learn about the fundamental nature of the universe, including the sun, moon, planets, stars, ... Nicholas Copernicus – (1473 – 1543) the first astronomer to teach that the sun (not the Earth) was the center of the solar system. Galileo Galilei – built the first telescope in 1609 and proved Copernicus correct.

اسلاید 3: What is out there?Ever since mankind has looked up at the moon and stars, we have wandered about life in the universe.

اسلاید 4: How big is the universe?Billions of stars – planets – galaxies

اسلاید 5: What is the difference between a solar system, galaxy, and the universe?Solar System – our solar system includes our sun, moon, asteroid belt, and 9 planetsOur solar system is part of the Milky way Galaxy.The universe is made up of many galaxies.

اسلاید 6: The UniverseWe can observe only a portion of the entire universe. Because the universe is only about 14 billion years old, light has only had about 14 billion years to travel through it. Therefore, the most distant regions of the universe we can see are about 14 billion light-years away. This is the extent of the observable universe, but the entire universe is probably much larger. It could even extend infinitely in all directions.

اسلاید 7: The name of our galaxy is:The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way. Our Sun and all of the stars that you see at night belong to the Milky Way. When you go outside on a dark night and look up, you will see a milky, misty-looking band stretching across the sky. When you look at this band, you are looking into the densest parts of the Milky Way, the disk and the bulge.

اسلاید 8: The Milky way GalaxyA galaxy is an enormous collection of gas, dust and billions of stars held together by gravity. One galaxy can have hundreds of billions of stars and be as large as 200,000 light years across.

اسلاید 9: Our solar system is located in the outer reaches of the Milky Way Galaxy, which is a spiral galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy contains roughly 200 billion stars. Most of these stars are not visible from Earth. Almost everything that we can see in the sky belongs to the Milky Way Galaxy.

اسلاید 10: Earth in the Milky Way

اسلاید 11: Solar SystemThe solar system consists of the Sun; the eight official planets, at least three dwarf planets, more than 130 satellites of the planets, a large number of small bodies (the comets and asteroids), and the interplanetary medium. (There are probably also many more planetary satellites that have not yet been discovered.) The inner solar system contains the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars: The outer system contains Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

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اسلاید 13: Facts About EarthDistance from the sun - 93 million milesDistance from the moon - 240,000 milesCircumference - 25,000 miles

اسلاید 14: Chuck Yeager

اسلاید 15: Chuck Yeager of WVChuck Yeager was born and raised in WV.In 1947, Chuck Yeager drove the first plane to break the sound barrier.US was ahead of the world in the space race.But then………

اسلاید 16: Space Race BeginsHistory changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The worlds first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race.

اسلاید 17: Sputnik 1

اسلاید 18: VanguardThe US thought they would be the first to successfully launch a satellite into space. They put together a scientific team and began working on Vanguard.

اسلاید 19: Vanguard

اسلاید 20: US vs RussiaThe Sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, Sputnik caught the worlds attention and the American public off-guard. Its size was more impressive than Vanguards intended 3.5-pound payload. In addition, the public feared that the Soviets ability to launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets struck again; on November 3, Sputnik II was launched, carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika. 

اسلاید 21: Explorer 1Explorer project – 4 months after Sputnik US sent Explorer 1 into space.

اسلاید 22: Mariner ProjectThe Mariner Project was a series of US space probes build to provide information on the inner planets – Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Mariner 2 launched in 1962.Many embarrassing disasters on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral.

اسلاید 23: Mariner I failed on launch pad.

اسلاید 24: VoyagerThe Mariner Project was renamed Voyager.Voyager 1 launched from Kennedy Space Center September 1977. In 1980 it approached Saturn.Voyager 2 launched from Cape Canaveral in 1977 also.

اسلاید 25: Voyager images

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اسلاید 29: Space Probes (Satellites) MarinerViking 1 and 2 (summer 1976) 1st successful landing on mars. Designed to explore inner planetsVoyager 1 and 2 designed to explore outer planetsGalileo – 1989 – The 1st probe to orbit Jupiter and sent a smaller probe into it’s atmosphere. Launched from a space shuttle.

اسلاید 30: NASAThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States federal government, responsible for the nations public space program. Established on July 29, 1958, by the National Aeronautics and Space Act.

اسلاید 31: Space CentersJohnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Mostly a manned spacecraft center. Established in 1965.Kennedy Space Center – Cape Canaveral Florida. Mostly a satellite and shuttle center.Other places include Mississippi.

اسلاید 32: Manned Space ProgramMercury Program

اسلاید 33: Mercury ProgramThe Mercury Program (1960 – 1962)1st program to put an astronaut into space.

اسلاید 34: Mercury-Redstone 3 FREEDOM 7 May 5, 1961 Alan B. Shepard, Jr.15 minutes, 28 seconds Suborbital flight that successfully put the first American in space.

اسلاید 35: Gemini ProgramWas a manned space program to put 2 men into space – hence the name Gemini which means twin.To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration. To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicles propulsion system; To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land. Its goals were also met, with the exception of a land landing, which was cancelled in 1964.

اسلاید 36: Gemini Launch

اسلاید 37: The Apollo ProgramProject Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by NASA, on behalf of the United States of America. The program used the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, and was conducted during the years 1961 – 1975. It was devoted to the goal (in U.S. President John F. Kennedys famous words) of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth within the decade of the 1960s. This goal was achieved with the Apollo 11 mission in July 1969.

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اسلاید 41: The US Space ShuttleThe US space shuttle was designed to be launched into space by rockets and then to return to the Earth’s surface by gliding down and landing on a runway. It was first used in the 1980’s. It is the first reusable spacecraft.

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اسلاید 45: Shuttle MissionsColumbia, Challenger, Discovery and Atlantis. Challenger was destroyed on launch in 1986, and Endeavour was built as a replacement. Columbia was destroyed on re-entry in 2003.

اسلاید 46: Challenger Crew

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اسلاید 49: The International Space StationA joint effort between 5 space agencies.The agencies include the US, Russia, Japan, Canada, and Europe.It orbits in low earth orbit.The station has continuous people staying since it was first occupied in 2000.