Stairways and Ladders

Stairways and Ladders

اسلاید 1: OSHA Office of Training & Education1Stairways and Ladders

اسلاید 2: OSHA Office of Training & Education2Stairways and ladders cause many injuries and fatalities among construction workers About half the injuries caused by slips, trips and falls from ladders and stairways require time off the jobHazards Improper use of the top rung of a step ladder

اسلاید 3: OSHA Office of Training & Education3At the end of this training, you should be able to list or describe: Safety guidelines and requirements for stairwaysused at a construction site Safe practices and requirements for ladders used at a construction site Slips, Trips and Falls On Stairways and Ladders

اسلاید 4: OSHA Office of Training & Education4There must be a stairway or ladder at points of access where there is an elevation break of 19 inches or more.At least one point of access must be kept clear.19 inchesBreak in elevationStairway or Ladder

اسلاید 5: OSHA Office of Training & Education5Handrail vs. StairrailStairrail HandrailSystem

اسلاید 6: OSHA Office of Training & Education6Rails must be able to withstand a force of 200 poundsHandrail and Top Rail Strength

اسلاید 7: OSHA Office of Training & Education7 HandrailsStairways with four or more risers, or higher than 30 inches, must be equipped with at least one handrail.The stairway to this platform has more than 4 risers and is not guarded. The platform requires guarding.

اسلاید 8: OSHA Office of Training & Education8Stairways with four or more risers or more than 30 inches high must have a stairrail along each unprotected side or edge.Stairrails

اسلاید 9: OSHA Office of Training & Education9Install between 30 and 50 degrees. Must have uniform riser height and tread depth, with less than a 1/4-inch variation.Uniform - 30 & 50 deg. angleNo more than 1/4 inch variation in any stairway systemStairs

اسلاید 10: OSHA Office of Training & Education10Only use pan stairs if filled with filler material at least to the top edge of each pan. PanTemporary Stairways

اسلاید 11: OSHA Office of Training & Education11Stairways landings must be at least 30 inches deep and 22 inches wide at every 12 feet or less of vertical riseUnprotected sides of landings must have standard 42 inch guardrail systemsStairway LandingsLanding

اسلاید 12: OSHA Office of Training & Education12Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, provide a platform that extends at least 20 inches beyond the swing of the door. Platforms and Swing Doors

اسلاید 13: OSHA Office of Training & Education13Dangerous ConditionsFix slippery conditions before using.Stairway parts must be free of projections which may cause injuries or snag clothing.

اسلاید 14: OSHA Office of Training & Education14Ladders

اسلاید 15: OSHA Office of Training & Education15Ladders must be kept in a safe condition -- DO – Keep the area around the top and bottom of a ladder clearEnsure rungs, cleats, and steps are level and uniformly spacedEnsure rungs are spaced 10 to 14 inches apartKeep ladders free from slipping hazardsGeneral Ladder Requirements

اسلاید 16: OSHA Office of Training & Education16Use ladders only for their designed purpose -- DON’T – Tie ladders together to make longer sections, unless designed for such useUse single rail ladders Load ladders beyond the maximum load for which they were built, nor beyond the manufacturer’s rated capacityGeneral Ladder Requirements

اسلاید 17: OSHA Office of Training & Education17Securing LaddersSecure ladders to prevent accidental movement due to workplace activityOnly use ladders on stable and level surfaces, unless securedDo not use ladders on slippery surfaces unless secured or provided with slip-resistant feetThis ladder is not on a stable surface

اسلاید 18: OSHA Office of Training & Education18Inspect before use for cracks, dents, and missing rungsDesign or treat rungs to minimize slippingSide rails -- at least 11 1/2 inches apartMust support 4 times the maximum loadPortable Ladders

اسلاید 19: OSHA Office of Training & Education19 when ladders are the only way to enter or exit a working area with 25 or more employees when a ladder will serve simultaneous two-way trafficDouble - Cleated LadderUse a double-cleated ladder ( with center rail) or 2 or more ladders:

اسلاید 20: OSHA Office of Training & Education20Don’t paint laddersDon’t use an opaque covering (like varnish) on a wood ladderPainting Wood Ladders

اسلاید 21: OSHA Office of Training & Education21Ladder Angle Non-self-supporting ladders: (which lean against a wall or other support)Position at an angle where the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is 1/4 the working length of the ladder

اسلاید 22: OSHA Office of Training & Education22When using a portable ladder for access to an upper landing surface, the side rails must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surfaceLadder Rail Extension

اسلاید 23: OSHA Office of Training & Education23Tall Fixed Ladder RequirementsEquip a fixed ladder 24 feet or longer with either a: Ladder safety device Self-retracting lifelines with rest platforms every 150 feet or less Cage or well, and multiple ladder sections, each section not exceeding 50 feet

اسلاید 24: OSHA Office of Training & Education24Near Energized Electrical Equipment If using ladders where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment, they must have nonconductive siderails such as wood or fiberglass.This is an unsafe condition

اسلاید 25: OSHA Office of Training & Education25Do not use the top or top step of a stepladder as a stepTop Step

اسلاید 26: OSHA Office of Training & Education26Don’t use crossbracing on the rear of a stepladder for climbing - unless the ladder is designed for thatOn this ladder the back rungs are designed for useCrossbracing

اسلاید 27: OSHA Office of Training & Education27A competent person must inspect ladders for visible defects, like broken or missing rungsIf a defective ladder is found, immediately mark it defective or tag it Do Not Use”Withdraw defective ladders from service until repairedDamaged or Defective LaddersMissing rung

اسلاید 28: OSHA Office of Training & Education28Face the ladder when going up or downUse at least one hand to grab the ladder when going up or downDo not carry any object or load that could cause you to lose balanceClimbing the Ladder

اسلاید 29: OSHA Office of Training & Education29A competent person must train each employee in the following areas, as applicable: The nature of fall hazards in the work area The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fallprotection systems to be used The proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all stairways and ladders The maximum intended load-carrying capacities of laddersTraining

اسلاید 30: OSHA Office of Training & Education30SummaryKey Components for Stairway Safety Treads Rails handrails stairrails guardrails Landings and Platforms

اسلاید 31: OSHA Office of Training & Education31SummaryKey Components for Ladder Safety A competent person must inspect Use the correct ladder for the job Use the correct angle, supports, treads, cross braces and rails Don’t overload Your employer must train you in proper use of a ladder