Tools – Hand and Power

Tools – Hand and Power

اسلاید 1: OSHA Office of Training and Education1Tools – Hand and Power

اسلاید 2: OSHA Office of Training and Education2HazardsWorkers using hand and power tools may be exposed to these hazards: objects that fall, fly, are abrasive, or splash harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and improper grounding

اسلاید 3: OSHA Office of Training and Education3Basic Tool Safety Rules Maintain regularly Use right tool for the job Inspect before use Operate according to manufacturers’ instructions Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE) Use guards

اسلاید 4: OSHA Office of Training and Education4Hand Tool HazardsHazards are usually caused by misuse and improper maintenanceDo not use: wrenches when jaws are sprung impact tools (chisels and wedges) when heads have mushroomed tools with loose, cracked or splintered handles a screwdriver as a chisel tools with taped handles – they may be hiding cracksCrack

اسلاید 5: OSHA Office of Training and Education5Hand Tools - ProtectionUse PPE, such as safety goggles and glovesKeep floor surface where working free from debris and tripping or slipping hazardsKeep cutting tools sharp

اسلاید 6: OSHA Office of Training and Education6Power ToolsMust be fitted with guards and safety switchesExtremely hazardous when used improperlyDifferent types,determined by their power source: Electric Pneumatic Liquid fuel Hydraulic Powder-actuated

اسلاید 7: OSHA Office of Training and Education7SwitchesHand-held power tools must be equipped with one of the following:Constant pressure switch shuts off power upon release Examples: circular saw, chain saw, grinder, hand-held power drillOn-Off SwitchExamples: routers, planers, laminate trimmers, shears, jig saws, nibblers, scroll saws

اسلاید 8: OSHA Office of Training and Education8Power Tools - Precautions Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and cleaning, and when changing accessories Keep people not involved with the work away from the work Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool Don’t hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool Keep tools sharp and clean Consider what you wear – loose clothing and jewelry can get caught in moving parts Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: “Do Not Use”

اسلاید 9: OSHA Office of Training and Education9Power Tools – Precautions Electric CordsDon’t carry portable tools by the cordDon’t use electric cords to hoist or lower tools Don’t yank cord or hose to disconnect itKeep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges

اسلاید 10: OSHA Office of Training and Education10To protect a worker from shock, these tools must: have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle be double insulated, or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformerElectric Power ToolsDouble insulated markingsPlug with a grounding pin

اسلاید 11: OSHA Office of Training and Education11Electric Tools – Good Practices Operate within design limits Use gloves and safety shoes Store in a dry place Don’t use in wet locations unless approved for that Keep work areas well lit Ensure cords don’t present a tripping hazard

اسلاید 12: OSHA Office of Training and Education12Abrasive Wheels and ToolsMay throw off flying fragmentsEquip with guards that: Cover the spindle end, nut, & flange projections Maintain proper alignment with the wheel Don’t exceed the strength of the fasteningsGuard so that a minimal amount of the wheel is exposed

اسلاید 13: OSHA Office of Training and Education13Inspecting Abrasive Wheels Before mounting: inspect closely for damage perform sound- or ring-test to ensure free from cracks / defectsTo test: tap wheel gently with a light, non-metallic instrument if wheel sounds cracked or dead, do not use it because it could fly apart

اسلاید 14: OSHA Office of Training and Education14Abrasive Wheel UseTo prevent cracking: fit the wheel on the spindle freely tighten the spindle nut enough to hold the wheel in place without distorting the flangeLet the tool come up to speed prior to grinding or cuttingDon’t stand in front of the wheel as it comes up to full speedUse eye and/or face protectionEnsure the spindle speed doesn’t exceed the maximum speed marked on the wheel

اسلاید 15: OSHA Office of Training and Education15Abrasive Wheel Work RestsKeep work rests not more than 1/8th inch from wheel surface This prevents jamming the work between the wheel and the rest, which may cause the wheel to breakDon’t adjust wheel while it’s rotating

اسلاید 16: OSHA Office of Training and Education16GuardingGuard exposed moving parts of power tools Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, flywheels, chains, or other moving parts Never remove a guard when a tool is in use

اسلاید 17: OSHA Office of Training and Education17The point of operation is where the work is actually performed on the materials – it must be guardedGuarding - Point of OperationThis shows a radial arm saw equipped with proper point of operation guards

اسلاید 18: OSHA Office of Training and Education18Guarding ProtectionMachine guards must protect the operator and others from: Point of operation In-running nip points Rotating parts Flying chips and sparksNip Point

اسلاید 19: OSHA Office of Training and Education19Guard to prevent the operator from coming in contact the the rotating bladeRadial Saw GuardingRadial arm saw equipped with an upper and lower blade guard

اسلاید 20: OSHA Office of Training and Education20Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe. The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.Guarding Portable Circular Saws

اسلاید 21: OSHA Office of Training and Education21Use a hood for guardingHood guardTable Saw Guarding

اسلاید 22: OSHA Office of Training and Education22Pneumatic ToolsPowered by compressed air Includes nailers, staplers, chippers, drills & sandersMain hazard - getting hit by a tool attachment or by a fastener the worker is using with the toolTake the same precautions with an air hose that you take with electric cordsNail Gun - Cut-Away View

اسلاید 23: OSHA Office of Training and Education23Pneumatic Tools - FasteningEnsure tool is fastened securely to the air hose to prevent a disconnection Use a short wire or positive locking device attaching the air hose to the toolWire used to secure hose

اسلاید 24: OSHA Office of Training and Education24Pneumatic Tool Connections Unacceptable AcceptableHose clamp

اسلاید 25: OSHA Office of Training and Education25Pneumatic Tool SafetyPlace a safety device on the muzzle to prevent the tool from ejecting fasteners, unless the muzzle is in contact with work surfaceInstall a safety clip or retainer to prevent attachments, such as chisels on a chipping hammer, from being ejectedWear eye protection. Wear hearing protection with jackhammers.Muzzle in contact with work surface

اسلاید 26: OSHA Office of Training and Education26Compressed Air CleaningDon’t use compressed air for cleaning Exception - where reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. with effective chip guarding and PPE

اسلاید 27: OSHA Office of Training and Education27Liquid Fuel ToolsUsually gas poweredMain hazard – fuel vaporsUse only approved flammable liquid containersBefore refilling a fuel-powered tool tank, shut down the engine and allow it to cool

اسلاید 28: OSHA Office of Training and Education28Powder-Actuated ToolsUser must be trained and licensed to operateTest tool each day before loading to ensure the safety devices are working properlyWear suitable ear, eye, and face protectionSelect a powder level that will do the work without excessive force

اسلاید 29: OSHA Office of Training and Education29Fatal FactEmployee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall

اسلاید 30: OSHA Office of Training and Education30Easily Penetrated MaterialAvoid driving into materials easily penetrated unless materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the pin or fastener from passing throughAlso, don’t drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that might chip or splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet

اسلاید 31: OSHA Office of Training and Education31Powder-Actuated Tool Safety TipsDon’t use in explosive or flammable atmosphereInspect tool before use to ensure:it is clean, that moving parts operate freelythe barrel is free from obstructions and has the proper shield, guard, and attachments Don’t load the tool unless using immediatelyDon’t leave a loaded tool unattendedKeep hands clear of the barrel endNever point the tool at anyoneStore unloaded in a locked box

اسلاید 32: OSHA Office of Training and Education32JacksTo set up a jack, ensure: The base is on a firm, level surface It’s centered The jack head is placed against a level surface You apply the lift force evenlyLubricate and inspect jacks regularly

اسلاید 33: OSHA Office of Training and Education33Jacks - CapacityThe manufacturers rated capacity must be marked on all jacks and must not be exceededAll jacks must have a stop indicator that is not exceeded

اسلاید 34: OSHA Office of Training and Education34Immediately block the load after it is lifted. Put a block under the base of the jack when the foundation is not firm, and place a block between the jack cap and load if the cap might slip.Jacks - BlockingPhoto - handyman jack is provided a firm base by using the railroad tie. The load is cribbed to prevent it from falling.

اسلاید 35: OSHA Office of Training and Education35SummaryHazards are usually the result of improper tool use or not following one or more of these protection techniques: Inspecting the tool before use Using PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) Using guards Properly storing the tool Using safe handling technique