STRESS

STRESS

اسلاید 1: STRESSBY: TAROKH TEYMORI

اسلاید 2: CONTENT LIST1. introduction 2. Fight or flight response3. Effects of stress4. How we respond to stress affects our health5. the causes of stress6. How to deal with stress7. Stress management techniques

اسلاید 3: 1.intorduceWe generally use the word stress when we feel that everything seems to have become too much - we are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope with the pressures placed upon us.

اسلاید 4: Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress. Some stresses get you going and they are good for you - without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However, when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they are bad. In this text we shall be focusing on stress that is bad for you.

اسلاید 5: 2. Fight or flight responseFight or flight responseThe way you respond to a challenge may also be a type of stress. Part of your response to a challenge is physiological and affects your physical state. When faced with a challenge or a threat, your body activates resources to protect you - to either get away as fast as you can, or fight.

اسلاید 6: If you are upstairs at home and an earthquake starts, the faster you can get yourself and your family out the more likely you are all to survive. If you need to save somebodys life during that earthquake, by lifting a heavy weight that has fallen on them, you will need components in your body to be activated to give you that extra strength - that extra push.

اسلاید 7: Our fight-or-flight response is our bodys sympathetic nervous system reacting to a stressful event. Our body produces larger quantities of the chemicals cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline, which trigger a higher heart rate, heightened muscle preparedness, sweating, and alertness - all these factors help us protect ourselves in a dangerous or challenging situation.

اسلاید 8: Non-essential body functions slow down, such as our digestive and immune systems when we are in fight-or flight response mode. All resources can then be concentrated on rapid breathing, blood flow, alertness and muscle use.

اسلاید 9: 3. Effects of stressWhen we are stressed the following happens: Blood pressure risesBreathing becomes more rapidDigestive system slows downHeart rate (pulse) risesImmune system goes downMuscles become tenseWe do not sleep (heightened state of alertness)

اسلاید 10: Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and what matters. Some of us focus on what happens to us, such as breaking a bone or getting a promotion, while others think more about the event itself. What really matters are our thoughts about the situations in which we find ourselves.

اسلاید 11: Some of the effects of stress on your body, your thoughts and feelings, and on your behavior: Effect on your body

اسلاید 12: We are continually sizing up situations that confront us in life. We assess each situation, deciding whether something is a threat, how we can deal with it and what resources we can use. If we conclude that the required resources needed to effectively deal with a situation are beyond what we have available, we say that that situation is stressful - and we react with a classical stress response. On the other hand, if we decide our available resources and skills are more than enough to deal with a situation, it is not seen as stressful to us.

اسلاید 13: A tendency to sweatBack painChest painChildhood obesity - researchers at The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia published a report in Pediatrics in October 2012 explaining that a number of stressors from parents can increase the risk of obesity in their children. Lead researcher, Elizabeth Prout-Parks, M.D., said Stress in parents may be an important risk factor for child obesity and related behaviors. The severity and number of stressors are important.

اسلاید 14: Examples of stressors include mental health problems, poor physical health, financial strain, and trying to manage in a single-parent household.Cramps or muscle spasmsErectile dysfunctionFainting spellsHeadacheHeart diseaseHypertension (high blood pressure)

اسلاید 15: Loss of libidoLower immunity against diseasesMuscular achesNail bitingNervous twitchesPins and needlesSleeping difficultiesStomach upsetEffect on your thoughts and feelings Anger

اسلاید 16: Effect on your behavior Eating too muchEating too littleFood cravingsSudden angry outburstsDrug abuseAlcohol abuseHigher tobacco consumptionSocial withdrawalFrequent cryingRelationship problems

اسلاید 17: 4. How we respond to stress affects our health 1. We do not all interpret each situation in the same way. 2. Because of this, we do not all call on the same resources for each situation 3. We do not all have the same resources and skills.

اسلاید 18: Some situations which are not negative ones may still be perceived as stressful. This is because we think we are not completely prepared to cope with them effectively. Examples being: having a baby, moving to a nicer house, and being promoted. Having a baby is usually a wonderful thing, so is being promoted or moving to a nicer house. But, moving house is a well-known source of stress.

اسلاید 19: It is important to learn that what matters more than the event itself is usually our thoughts about the event when we are trying to manage stress. How you see that stressful event will be the largest single factor that impacts on your physical and mental health. Your interpretation of events and challenges in life may decide whether they are invigorating or harmful for you.

اسلاید 20: A persistently negative response to challenges will eventually have a negative effect on your health and happiness. Experts say people who tend to perceive things negatively need to understand themselves and their reactions to stress-provoking situations better. Then they can learn to manage stress more successfully.

اسلاید 21: Perception of stress affects heart attack risk - people who believe their stress is affecting their health in a big way are twice as likely to have a heart attack ten years later, according to researchers at the University of Western Ontario.

اسلاید 22: 5. the causes of stressWhat are the causes of stress? We all react differently to stressful situations. What one person finds stressful another may not at all. Almost anything can cause stress and it has different triggers. For some people, on some occasions, just thinking about something, or several small things that accumulate, can cause stress.

اسلاید 23: The most common causes of stress are: BereavementFamily problemsFinancial mattersIllnessJob issues. work is the leading cause of stressLack of timeMoving homeRelationships (including divorce)

اسلاید 24: The following are also causes of stress AbortionBecoming a mother or a father

اسلاید 25: 6. How to deal with stress How to deal with stressThere are three broad methods you can follow to treat stress, they include self-help, self management, and medication.

اسلاید 26: Self help for treating stress Exercise - exercise has been proven to have a beneficial effect on a persons mental and physical state. For many people exercise is an extremely effective stress buster.

اسلاید 27: Division of labor - try to delegate your responsibilities at work, or share them. If you make yourself indispensable the likelihood of your feeling highly stressed is significantly greater. Assertiveness - dont say yes to everything. If you cant do something well, or if something is not your responsibility, try to seek ways of not agreeing to do them.

اسلاید 28: Alcohol and drugs - alcohol and drugs will not help you manage your stress better. Either stop consuming them completely, or cut down. Caffeine - if your consumption of coffee and other drinks which contain caffeine is high, cut down. Nutrition - eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. Make sure you have a healthy and balanced diet. Time - make sure you set aside some time each day just for yourself. Use that time to organize your life, relax, and pursue your own interests.

اسلاید 29: Breathing - there are some effective breathing techniques which will slow down your system and help you relax. Talk - talk to you family, friends, work colleagues and your boss. Express your thoughts and worries. Seek professional help - if the stress is affecting the way you function; go and see your doctor. Heightened stress for prolonged periods can be bad for your physical and mental health.

اسلاید 30: Relaxation techniques - mediation, massage, or yoga have been known to greatly help people with stress.

اسلاید 31: 7. Stress management techniquesStress management can help you to either remove or change the source of stress, alter the way you view a stressful event, lower the impact that stress might have on your body, and teach you alternative ways of coping. Stress management therapy will have the objective of pursuing one or more of these approaches.

اسلاید 32: Stress management techniques can be gained if you read self-help books, or attend a stress management course. You can also seek the help of a counselor or psychotherapist for personal development or therapy sessions. Many therapies which help you relax, such as aromatherapy, or reflexology, may have a beneficial effect.