Training and Pruning Basics
اسلاید 1: Training and Pruning BasicsObjectives and Tools
اسلاید 2: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionStrong Tree FrameworkBalanced RenewalFacilitate ManagementHarvest Sunlight EfficientlyMaintain Productivity
اسلاید 3: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionWhat happens if you do not prune?Faster growthEarlier fruitingLess light penetrationPoor spray coverageMore difficult to manage
اسلاید 4: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionObjectives of trainingA. Establish a strong tree frameworkB. Facilitate management of tree and cropC. Harvest sunlight efficientlyD. Maintain productivity by renewing fruiting woodBalanced Renewal
اسلاید 5: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionA. Establish a Strong Tree FrameworkUpright vertical trunkWell distributed scaffoldsWide crotch anglesStructural Wood
اسلاید 6: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionEstablish a Strong Tree Framework Vertical trunkWell Distributed Scaffolds
اسلاید 7: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionEstablish a Strong Tree FrameworkWide branch angles are strongerNarrow angles are weak and increase shading inside canopy
اسلاید 8: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionA Strong Tree Framework:Major objective of the first three yearsMust last the lifetime of the tree Structural support for fruit cropShould not be crowded
اسلاید 9: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionB. Facilitate Management of the Tree and CropHeight of primary scaffoldsDistribute scaffolds wellTree uniformityTree size
اسلاید 10: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionFacilitate Management: 1. Height of Primary ScaffoldsAccess to tree base Irrigation, herbicides, fertilizersAllow air movement to minimize disease pressure
اسلاید 11: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionFacilitate Management: 2. Distribute Scaffolds WellEasy entry to treeThinning, pruning, harvestingGood pesticide coverage
اسلاید 12: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionFacilitate Management: 3. Tree UniformityEasier to train employeesMechanization possible
اسلاید 13: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionFacilitate Management: 4. Tree SizeSmall trees are easier to workNo ladders neededEasy to reach all parts of treeBetter spray penetration
اسلاید 14: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionFacilitate Management of the Tree and CropOptimize height of primary scaffoldsAllow space at tree baseDistribute scaffolds wellDo not over crowd scaffoldsTree uniformityLimit tree size with summer and winter pruning
اسلاید 15: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionC. Harvest Sunlight Efficiently Maximize surface area of orchard covered by canopyLimit canopy depth
اسلاید 16: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: 1. Maximize surface area of orchard covered by canopyMost rapid in high density plantings
اسلاید 17: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: 2. Limit Canopy Depth50%30%Light Intensity Decreases Within the Tree Canopy
اسلاید 18: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: 2. Limit Canopy DepthPhotosynthesis Decreases at Lower Light Levels
اسلاید 19: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: Poor Light Intensity Leads toPoor fruit color Poor fruit distributionLess fruit bud developmentPoor fruit sizePoor fruit flavor
اسلاید 20: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Harvest Sunlight Efficiently: Poor Light Intensity Leads toPoor fruit color
اسلاید 21: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: Light Intensity Affects: Fruit Color and Size
اسلاید 22: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: Light Intensity Affects: Fruit Color and Size
اسلاید 23: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Harvest Sunlight Efficiently: Light Intensity and Fruit Size% Light PenetrationFruit size (grams)
اسلاید 24: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: Light Intensity and Fruit Distribution% Light Penetration% Fruit Distribution
اسلاید 25: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight Efficiently: Light Intensity and Fruit Flavor% Light Penetration% Soluble Solids
اسلاید 26: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHarvest Sunlight EfficientlyMaximize Orchard Floor Covered with CanopyLimit canopy depth to 3 feetExpose all parts of the canopy with at least 50% sunlight
اسلاید 27: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionD. Maintain Productivity Sustain maximum bearing area for maximal timeBalanced Renewal
اسلاید 28: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionD. Maintain Productivity Maintain light distribution in canopyRemove unproductive woodMaintain good vegetative:fruit balance
اسلاید 29: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionMaintain Productivity: Maintain light distribution in canopyOnly sun-exposed areas produce quality fruitLimit canopy depth to 3’ Control tree sizeUnless control tree size the fruit moves up every yearLower part of tree will be shaded
اسلاید 30: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionMaintain Productivity: Remove Unproductive WoodFruiting wood which hangs downFruiting wood which is shadedWater sprouts and root suckersDiseased or damaged woodWeak or thin wood
اسلاید 31: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionMaintain Productivity: Remove Unproductive WoodRemove weak or thin wood
اسلاید 32: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionMaintain Productivity: Remove Unproductive WoodRemove weak or thin wood
اسلاید 33: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production Maintain Productivity: Maintain good vegetative:fruit balanceThin out excessively vigorous vegetative growth during summerAllows light into center of tree
اسلاید 34: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionMaintain Productivity: Maintain good vegetative:fruit balanceRemove excessive fruiting woodIn peaches - remove 40-60% of new fruiting wood each year
اسلاید 35: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionConclusions: How should you train your trees?Many approaches workOpen center is most common for peachesCentral leader is most common for pome fruitFind a program that works and stick to it
اسلاید 36: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionConclusions: How should you train your trees?Keep in mind the four objectivesEstablish a strong tree frameworkFacilitate management of tree and cropHarvest sunlight efficientlyMaintain productivity by balanced renewal
اسلاید 37: What Tools Are Used in Tree Training?
اسلاید 38: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionTools used in Tree Training Manipulation of apical dominance Controlled by the plant hormone auxinProduced by actively growing shootsMoves down the branch with gravity
اسلاید 39: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionEffects of auxinInhibits lateral bud breakInhibits lateral shoot growthAffects branch angle
اسلاید 40: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionPruning Remove the Source of AuxinHeading CutRemove part of the branchStimulate bud break near cutStimulate localized branching
اسلاید 41: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionHedging = Heading CutsInitially it opens up the canopySince heading cutsStimulate lateral bud breakVigorous vegetative growth creates a dense canopy
اسلاید 42: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionPruning Remove the Source of AuxinThinning cutRemove branch at point of originLeast invigorating cutPromote light penetration into canopyMaintenance pruning
اسلاید 43: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionBend Branch Towards HorizontalDecreases amount of auxin moving from tipIncrease lateral branchingDecrease terminal growthBend to a 45 to 60 degree angle
اسلاید 44: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionBend Branch Towards HorizontalDecreases amount of auxin moving from tipIncrease lateral branchingBuds at highest point breakDecrease terminal growthBend below the horizontal
اسلاید 45: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionTiming of pruningDormant pruningMost common approachSummer pruningWorks well in combination with dormant pruningOpen up the tree to allow light into center
اسلاید 46: HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut ProductionPruning Response Varies with TreeDifferent varieties/crops grow differentlySpur types in applesVigor level of the treeAge of the treeRootstockFertility/irrigation/soil constraintsSmall fruited vs. large fruited crops
اسلاید 47: www.hortilover.net
نقد و بررسی ها
هیچ نظری برای این پاورپوینت نوشته نشده است.