Acupuncture 3
اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir
اسلاید 2: AcupunctureValid Medical TechniqueOrLucrative Hoax?
اسلاید 3: History of AcupuncturePracticed in China for over 4,000 yearsTraditional Chinese medical technique for unblocking chiAcupuncture is the insertion of needles in specific points on the bodyThese insertion points are believed to correspond with 14 main pathways within the body called meridians
اسلاید 4: Origins of Acupuncture PhilosophyOriginates in Taoist tradition (specifically meditation)Fu His discovered/created idea of yin and yang by observing a broken line and an unbroken line
اسلاید 5: What exactly is Chi? Chi is an energy that, according to ancient Chinese beliefs, permeates all thingsChi must be able to flow freely throughout the body in order for a person to maintain overall healthChi flows along the meridians of the body
اسلاید 6: Where do yin and yang fit in?Acupuncture needles are inserted in an attempt to balance the opposing forces of yin and yangYin and yang are balanced when a person is healthy and chi is therefore able to flow freelyInjury or illness cause yin and yang to become distressed and unbalanced
اسلاید 7: Originally there were 365 acupuncture points, but through the years this number has increased to over 2,000Each point is believed to correspond with a particular illness or injury
اسلاید 8: What is acupuncture used to treat?DepressionArthritisKidney problemsFluFatigueChronic painMigrainesParalysisHypertensionTendonitisVision problemsSexual DysfunctionAnd many others…
اسلاید 9: Is there a medical basis to acupuncture?Acupuncture is not based on modern medical scienceThere is no obvious correlation between the 14 identified meridians and the actual location of organs and nerves within the bodySome proponents of acupuncture have attempted to explain its medical function
اسلاید 10: Stimulation of natural painkilling chemicals such as endorphinsNeedles block the transmission of pain impulses to the CNSPossible medical explanations
اسلاید 11: Research on AcupunctureMany scientific studies on acupuncture are still in the early stagesSubjectivityOne controlled study done by Melzack and Katz compared electroacupuncture of the ear to placebo stimulationThis study found acupuncture to be no more effective than lightly touching the ear in relieving chronic pain
اسلاید 12: More ResearchThree Dutch epidemiologists analyzed 51 controlled studies of acupuncture in 1991Their conclusion: “…the quality of even the better studies proved to be mediocre…The efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic pain remains doubtful.” (Kleijnen, et al)
اسلاید 13: Research ContinuedA study published in 2001 exposed the inconsistency of the diagnosis and treatment of acupunctureDiagnoses as well as the prescribed treatments varied widelyOf 28 points selected, only 4 (14%) were prescribed by 2 or more acupuncturists
اسلاید 14: Why use acupuncture if it has been proven ineffective?Many hospitals and doctors that use acupuncture use it only as complementary therapy or “last hope” therapyExample: DUMC
اسلاید 15: Why do people persist in using acupuncture?Although not supported by empirical evidence, acupuncture is often supported by anecdotal evidence (which can also lead to confirmation bias)Placebo effectRegression fallacyPragmatic fallacyConfounding treatments
اسلاید 16: Why can’t we disprove acupuncture as a valid healing therapy?Acupuncture theory is flawed at the core by the fact that it is virtually impossible to falsifyChinese beliefs define chi as being undetectable by the methods of modern scienceIf it makes people feel better, does it matter that we can’t explain why?
اسلاید 17: Lucrative Indeed!According to the American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, approximately 4,000 physicians in the United States have received training in acupuncture therapy10-15 million Americans spend ~$500 million per year on acupuncture1 in 10 Americans have tried acupuncture
اسلاید 18: But there are risks…Bladder or lung punctureAllergic reaction to needlesInfection from unsterilized needlesFaintingConvulsionsNerve DamagePutting off treatments that are known to be effective
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