Ayurvedic Medicine

Ayurvedic Medicine

اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir

اسلاید 2: Ayurvedic MedicinebyEileen Ethier

اسلاید 3: DescriptionBroad system of medical doctrine and practicesPreventative and Curative AspectsAdvice on aspects of daily lifeCleaning teethDietExercise and regimen

اسلاید 4: DefinitionAyurveda can be translated from Sanskrit as the “knowledge or science of life.”It is called ‘ayurveda’ because it tells us (vedayati) which substances,qualities, and actions are life enhancing and (aursuya) which are not.

اسلاید 5: FocusAyurvedic medicine focuses on achieving optimal health through the integration of mind and body with nature

اسلاید 6: TreatmentsDesigned for the needs of each individual and include:yoga, meditation & breathing exercisesdietinternal cleansingsherbal preparationsaromatherapymassage

اسلاید 7: TreatmentsPractitioners are also familiar with:ClimatolgyPsychologyAstrologyGem therapySound therapyColor therapy

اسلاید 8: HistoryAyurveda is possibly the oldest medical system in the worldIt originated in the Indus River Valley approximately 5,000 years ago

اسلاید 9: Indus AgePopulation was nature-orientedAgriculture provided a stable economyTrade flourishedMerchant class ruledUrbanized & sophisticated cultureCity-states shared a pictographic script & system of weights and measures

اسلاید 10: Indus AgeWell developed sewage system and bathing facilities led to sanitary conditions and literature of the time reveals a strong emphasis on hygieneDuring this time the wise sages gathered in the foothills of the Himalayas and directed their attention to disease and its consequences for humanity

اسلاید 11: Indus Age They left civilization to gain the peace and serenity they needed for their group meditation and to attain the knowledge they sought This is where Ayurveda began

اسلاید 12: Vedic AgeEarly Aryans were semi-nomadicKept large herds of cattleEngaged in agricultureReligion was nature basedNo temples, prayers consisted of mantrasNo awareness of caste

اسلاید 13: Vedic AgePeople rather than land were considered the society’s strengthWarriors ruled society and priests performed rituals for protectionThe first of the four Vedas, the Rig Veda was believed to have been composed during this time

اسلاید 14: The VedasDescribed the origin of the universeDescribed the natural worldDescribed the human raceDescribed the social order

اسلاید 15: Rig VedaCollection of more than 1,000 poetic hymnsProvides the basic concepts for all the other VedasContains most aspects of Vedic scienceYogaMeditationMantraAyurveda

اسلاید 16: Other VedasSama Veda - puts musical chant to the Rig Veda hymnsYazur Veda - deals with yoga rituals and sacrifices for purifying the mind and awakening consciousnessAtharva Veda - literature containing chants and incantations to ward off evil, misfortune, and disease

اسلاید 17: All Vedas Have Two Parts The mantra - consists of prayer and praise to the Absolute The brahmana - a set of detailed directions to follow in the ceremonies at which the mantras were used

اسلاید 18: Other Components of VedasAnranyakas - secret & mystical explanations of the ritualsThe Upanishads - the basic philosophical tenets of Ayurveda

اسلاید 19: Earliest Texts Caraka SamhitaEnglish translation is over 1,000 pages Susruta SamhitaEnglish translation is over 1,700 pagesBhela SamhitaNot yet translatedThe Sanskrit word samhita means ’compendium’

اسلاید 20: Basic Tenets of ChrakaChraka contains classifications of diseasesSections related to:herbsnutritionembryology & anatomy

اسلاید 21: Basic Tenets of SusrutaSusruta contain descriptive surgical techniques:eye surgeryremoval of foreign bodiesplastic surgery on the face

اسلاید 22: Eight Specialties in the SamhitasInternal medicinePediatricsPsychological medicineOphthalmologyGeneral & Specialized SurgeryToxicologyGeriatricsEugenics and Aphrodisiacs

اسلاید 23: Indicators of Good HealthAll 3 doshas are in balanceAll bodily tissues are functioning properlyAll 5 senses are functioning normallyNormal elimination of waste productsThe channels of the body are unimpededPerfect harmony of min, body and consciousnes, individual is happy

اسلاید 24: SamhitasChraka - Associated with Northwest IndiaSusruta - Composed in BenaresExact date of compositions not knownMay date back to the time of Buddha (4th century BC)Sanskrit texts available today represent work of the latter Ist millennium AD

اسلاید 25: SamhitasChraka & Susruta considered cornerstone texts of AyurvedaThe texts explicitly state that they have been edited, supplemented,and partially rewritten by later authors

اسلاید 26: SamhitasChraka popular in Northern IndiaSusruta popular in Southern India Reasons - geographical distribution of surviving manuscripts, and by the location of surviving living traditions of orally transmitted medical literature

اسلاید 27: Medicines found in SamhitasAn array of animal vegetable, and mineral substancesAnimal - the urine, milk, flesh, fat, and blood of several animals such as horses, goats, elephants, camels, cows, and sheepPlants - the seeds, flowers, fruit, tree bark, and leaves Mineral - various gems, silver, copper, salt, clay, tin , lead, gold, and sulphur

اسلاید 28: Chraka Oath of InitiationComparable to Hippocratic OathRite of Initiationlive a celibate life speak the trutheat a vegetarian diettotal confidentiality of privileged information work night & day for relief of his patients Be free of envy and never carry firearms

اسلاید 29: Chraka Oath of InitiationRite of Initiationcomplete subjugation to his teacher, except where this would be in conflict with higher ethical valuesnever desert or take sexual advantage of patientswith hold treatment from enemies of the king, generally wicked people & women unattended by husbands or guardiansvisited patients’ homes with an acquaintance

اسلاید 30: Theoretical FoundationBased on a doctrine of 3 bodily humorswindbilephlegmTheory is comparable to Hippocrates and GalenMedicines are mainly herbal

اسلاید 31: Emphasis on ModerationIntake of foodSleepExerciseSexDosage of MedicinesIt is important to stay within the limits of reasonable measure and balance

اسلاید 32: In PracticeDiagnostic & practical aspects depended on through knowledge of Sanskrit textsMemorization of large amounts of material and verse associated with the 3 humorsExamining patient and their symptoms recalled verses that encapsulated the condition confronting him

اسلاید 33: In PracticeThese triggered further recollection of verses and presented a prognosis and treatmentA wide range of substances,qualities, and actions offered the Ayurvedic physician an excellent combination of freedom to act and structure within which to exercise choice

اسلاید 34: In PracticeTo be good at Ayurveda required years of training Required native intelligence and sensitivityPhysicians were judged by reputation aloneSanskrit literature contains satrical passage about ill-qualified practioners

اسلاید 35: Susruta Samhita & SurgeryExtensive chapters on surgeryDescribes how surgeons should be trainedTells exactly how to perform operationsClaims surgery is most effective of 8 branches of medical knowledgeLittle evidence of these practices persisted beyond the time of the text

اسلاید 36: Decline of SurgerySome may have existed as caste skills, separated from mainstream Ayurvedic practiceSurgical instruments did not surviveLater literature shows no evidence of procedures performed by SusrutaCaste taboos forbidding physical contact

اسلاید 37: Decline of SurgeryExamination of pulse and urine gained popularityMassage therapies gained popularityEvidence seems to indicate that early surgical practices were an isolated phenomenon

اسلاید 38: The Practice of AyurvedaA good physician tries to first discover a patient’s strengths before looking for weakness, hoping to use the former to counteract the laterAll physicians must constantly radiated curative energy toward their patientsFaith & hope must be continually reinforced by physician

اسلاید 39: DoshasAyurvedic medicine takes into consideration the different mind/body types based on the three doshas within the bodyVatta - principle of movementPitta -heat & metabolismKapha - structure & solidity

اسلاید 40: Ayurvedic AssessmentAssessment of patientAssessment of diseaseAreas examinedpulsesite of diseasedigestion general metabolismeyes & tonguetactile response

اسلاید 41: Other ConsiderationsAgeGenderDietary habitsThe season

اسلاید 42: Ayuvedic Practices ForbiddenRuling Medieval class forbid Ayurvedic medical practicesAlternate systems replaced AyurvedaFurther declined when Moslems invadedCensored by British rulersRevitalization when British leftMaharishi Mahesh Yogi promoted global renewal

اسلاید 43: Contemporary Ayurveda There are 5 leading journals in IndiaThere are 120 teaching institutes There are 246,800 registered Ayurvedic practitionersThere are 4,769 licensed pharmacies manufacturing Ayurvedic medicinesOn the surface the future seems bright, BUT

اسلاید 44: Critical AppraisalA true revival of Ayurveda is impeded by Western scientific paradigms which forces Asian societies to accept modern science and technology as the universal, well established system. Therefore they must legitimate their practice in terms of Western standards.