DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD

DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD

اسلاید 1: First Americans-----Pre-Columbian  DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD

اسلاید 2: Pre-Columbian time period.First Americans came from AsiaCrossed the Bering Strait during the Ice AgeFollowing a food sourceGradual migration

اسلاید 3: Early Human Migrations1st Migration, 38,000-1800 BCE2nd Migration, c. 10,000-4,000 BCE3rd Migration, c. 8,000-3,000 BCE

اسلاید 4: Culture areaCULTURE AREAS OF NATIVE AMERICANS

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اسلاید 6: CULTURAL CLASHESVSWHITE EUROPEANS Used the land for economic needsClearing the land, destroying hunting areas and fencing it off into private propertyDivided the land and selling it for monetary value.  NATIVE AMERICANSRelationship with environment as part of their religionNeed to hunt for survivalOwnership meant access to the things the land produced, not ownership of the land itself.

اسلاید 7: First Americans-----Pre-Columbian 2. Europe ExplorationCausesIndirectDirectEffects DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLDnotes

اسلاید 8: Indirect Causes ofEuropean Explorations

اسلاید 9: Earlier ExplorationsIslam & the Spice Trade  Silk Road New Player  EuropeNicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271Expansion becomes a state enterprise  monarchs had the authority & the resources.Better seaworthy ships.

اسلاید 10: Motives for European ExplorationCrusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples.Reformation  refugees & missionaries.Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.Technological advances.Fame and fortune.

اسلاید 11: The era in European history from about A.D. 500 to 1300 is known as the Middle Ages, or the medieval period.The Middle AgesWarriors invading the former Roman Empire caused instability in the early Middle Ages. Feudalism developed: Servants worked the land on the manors of powerful nobles in exchange for protection.The Roman Catholic Church governed many aspects of European society. Aside from the clergy, few people were educated.In the late Middle Ages, economic growth created a middle class of merchants, traders, and artisans. Powerful monarchs, or rulers, increased their wealth.

اسلاید 12: The Middle AgesThe Crusades — From 1096 to 1291, the Church organized a series of military campaigns, known as the Crusades, to take Jerusalem from the Turks. The Crusades failed, but they increased Europeans’ awareness of the rest of the world and accelerated economic change.The Growth of Cities — Centers of trade grew into towns and cities, especially in northern Italy and northern France.

اسلاید 13: The Middle AgesThis growth had three major effects:Created a middle class, a social class between the rich and poor.It revived a money economy.Eventual breakdown of the feudal system. “Black Death” — In the 1300s, the bubonic plague, carried by fleas and rats, destroyed one third of Europe’s population. From the devastation came a loss of religious faith and doubts about the Church.

اسلاید 14: New Maritime TechnologiesHartman Astrolabe (1532)Better MapsSextantMariner’s Compass

اسلاید 15: New Weapons Technology

اسلاید 16: 15th century trade routes

اسلاید 17: European trade routes

اسلاید 18: EconomyCulturePoliticsNations competed for Asian trade.Ancient Greek, Roman and Muslim art and learning were rediscovered.Reformation: revolt against the Roman Catholic ChurchThe Rebirth of EuropeImproved sea- faring technology aided exploration and trade.Philosophy of humanism: use of reason and experimentation in learningGovernment by nobles and the Church declined.Spain & Portugal competed to explore trade routes.Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci ShakespeareThe rise of nations

اسلاید 19: Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD)Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)The 3 motives reinforce each otherDirect Causes = 3 G’s

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اسلاید 21: Treasures from the Americas!

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اسلاید 26: EUROPEAN EXPLORATION1400 TO 1600EFFECTSEuropeans reach and settle Americas Expanded knowledge of world geographyGrowth of trade, mercantilism and capitalismIndian conflicts over land and impact of disease on Indian populationsIntroduction of the institution of slaveryColumbian Exchange

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اسلاید 28: explorers

اسلاید 29: * Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes * Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO * Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis* Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice * Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley * Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats * Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE * Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox * Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria * Diptheria * Whooping CoughColumbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa

اسلاید 30: First Americans-----Pre-Columbian 2. Europe ExplorationCausesIndirectDirectEffects3. European ColonizationSpain PortugalFranceDutch DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD

اسلاید 31: European ColonizationOnce the New World is discovered, the Big 4 four European countries begin competing for control of North America and the world….SpainEnglandFrancePortugalThis power struggle ultimately leads to several wars.European Colonization

اسلاید 32: Spanish first to pursue colonizationStart in Caribbean, then Central and South America—most important was conquest of Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531)First permanent colonies in what will become United States are founded by SpainSt. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to protect Spanish treasure fleetsTheSpanish

اسلاید 33: Explorers Sailing For SpainColumbus - Italian sailing for Spain - Landed in the “West Indies” - 1492 Magellan - Portuguese sailing for Spain - 1st to circumnavigate the world - 1522

اسلاید 34: Columbus’ Four Voyages

اسلاید 35: Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World

اسلاید 36: Explorers Sailing From HispaniolaDe Leon - colonist of Hispaniola - Established colony at Puerto Rico - Sailed north looking for Fountain of Youth - Discovered Florida - 1508Balboa - colonist of Hispaniola - Established settlement in Panama - 1st European to see Pacific Ocean - 1513de Coronado - Spain - Explored north from Mexico; up Colorado River; saw Grand Canyon -1540de Soto - Spain - Explored Florida into Carolina’s and west to the Mississippi River - 1541

اسلاید 37: Explorers Sailing For Spain & PortugalVespucci - Italian sailing for both Spain and Portugal - Sailed to the America’s - Amerigo is his first name (where we get “America”) - 1501

اسلاید 38: Spanish ExplorationColumbusBalboaCortesPizarroDe LeonDe SotoCoronadoVespucci

اسلاید 39: Spanish empire by the 1600’s consisted of the part of North AmericaCentral AmericaCaribbean Islands Much of South America.

اسلاید 40: Spanish soldiers who came to the New World to help conquer and settle the Americas for Spain.Some of their methods were harsh and brutal especially to the Native American population.With every Spanish explorer were conquistadors and members of the Catholic Church to convert Native Americans.

اسلاید 41: Hernando CortésFirst Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Cortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1519 and took control of modern day Mexico. Montezuma IIvs.

اسلاید 42: The Death of Montezuma II

اسلاید 43: Mexico Surrenders to Cortés

اسلاید 44: Francisco PizarroFirst Spanish Conquests: The Incas Pizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532 Atahualpavs.

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اسلاید 46: Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationExplorersConquistadoresMissionaries Permanent SettlersEuropean Colonial Empire

اسلاید 47: The Colonial Class SystemPeninsulares Spanish ancestoryCreoles Spanish and Black mixture.Mestizos Spanish and Indian mixtureMulattos White American and Black mixtureNative IndiansBlack Slaves

اسلاید 48: The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Spanish Mission

اسلاید 49: Father Bartolomé de Las Casas New Laws --> 1542Believed Native Americans had been treated harshly by the Spanish.Indians could be educated and converted to Christianized.Believed Indian culture was advanced as European but in different ways.

اسلاید 50: 1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM“granted” to deserving subjects of the King2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations Required Indians to pay tribute from their landsIndians often rendered personal services as well. 3. In return the conquistador was obligated toprotect his wardsinstruct them in the Christian faithdefend their right to use the to live off the land 4. Encomienda system eventually decimated Indian population. 5. The King prevented the encomienda with the New Laws (1542) supported by de Las Casas, the system gradually died out.ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

اسلاید 51: European ColonizationThe Portuguese were the first to begin searching for an all water route to Asia…..Prince Henry the Navigator – 1450’sColonized the South America in the area of what would become BrazilThe Portuguese

اسلاید 52: Explorers Sailing For PortugalPrince Henry the Navigator - Portugal - Funded Exploration down coast of Africa - 1419-1460Dias - Portugal - Rounded the Cape of Good Hope - 1488da Gama - Portugal - Opened trade with India - Placed Portugal in position to dominate trade with India - 1498Cabral - Portugal - Claimed present day Brazil for Portugal - 1500

اسلاید 53: European trade routes

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اسلاید 55: The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1434 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation, 1493

اسلاید 56: COLONIAL PERIODCOLONIZATION IS A NATURAL OUTGROWTH OF EXPLORATION MERCANTILISM COLONIES EXIST TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER COUNTRY3 MAJOR COUNTRIES TOOK THE LEAD IN COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD SPAINFRANCE ENGLAND

اسلاید 57: SPAIN IN AMERICASPANISH OBJECTIVES IN THE NEW WORLD WEALTH POWER & GLORY EXPAND BOUNDARIES SPREAD RELIGION COLONIES LOCATED IN SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA & SOUTHERN NORTH AMERICA

اسلاید 58: SPAIN IN AMERICASPANISH SOCIETY IN THE NEW WORLDPENINSULARIES- PURE SPANISH CREOLES- PART SPANISH / PART EUROPEANEUROPEANMESTIZO- PART SPANISH / PART INDIANMULATTO- PART SPANISH / PART AFRICANINDIANAFRICANZAMBO- PART INDIAN / PART AFRICAN

اسلاید 59: SPAIN IN AMERICASPANISH GOVERNMENT DOMINATED COLONIAL AFFAIRSSPANISH WERE SEEKERS OF WEALTHSPANISH ENSLAVED THE INDIANSRELIGION (ROMAN CATHOLIC) PLAYS A BIG ROLE