Medicinal Leech (Hirudo Medicinalis)

Medicinal Leech (Hirudo Medicinalis)

اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir

اسلاید 2: Medicinal Leech (Hirudo Medicinalis)

اسلاید 3: Medicinal leeches are any of several species of leeches, but most commonly Hirudo medicinalis, the European medicinal leech.Other Hirudo species sometimes used as medicinal leeches include (but are not limited to) Hirudo orientalis, Hirudo troctina, and Hirudo verbana. The Mexican medical leech is Hirudinaria manillensis, and the North American medical leech is Macrobdella decora.

اسلاید 4: The Leech

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اسلاید 6: Leech therapy

اسلاید 7: Indications for leech therapy

اسلاید 8: Contraindications

اسلاید 9: Storage of leeches

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اسلاید 11: Leeches - Pricing and Shipping InformationRoughly 600 leech species have been identified to date, but only about 15 are used in medicine. Leeches classified as “medicinal leeches”, Hirudo Medicinalis, in the narrower sense have been used to treat patients for centuries.

اسلاید 12: The first documented accounts of the use of Hirudo medicinalis for medicinal purposes date back to the time of Hippocrates. According to Sanskrit writings, Dhavantari, the father of Indian medicine, held nectar in one hand and a leech in the other. Leech therapy is also used in traditional Chinese medicine. Paintings of medicinal leeches have been found in pharaohs tombs. The Solomon Parables also describe leech treatment use in ancient medicine. Leech therapy in Greek medicine can be found in the poem Alexipharmacia by Nicandros. Roman physician Galen classified leech terapy as a method for achieving healthy balance. Avicenna also used leeches for healing aids. In the past leeches have proved to be the most effective treatment in many cases. Leeches were especially useful in battle wound treatment. European countries in the 18th and 19th centuries imported over 100 million leeches every year to satisfy high demand.

اسلاید 13: Today, doctors use leeches for treating abscesses, painful joints, glaucoma, myasthenia, and to heal venous diseases and thrombosis. Medical leeches are used in plastic surgery, for improving brain circulation and for curing infertility. 

اسلاید 14: The general indications for leech therapy are:Inflammatory Reactions Heart Diseases Rheumatic Diseases Tendovaginitis and Tendinitis Venous Disease and Varicose Veins Arthrosis Arthritis Muscle Tension Antidyscratic therapy ( blood purification and regeneration) of toxicoses and mental illnesses Thrombosis and embolism Passive congestions and spastic conditions Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes Transudates and exudates

اسلاید 15: A simple principle lies at the heart of all hirudo-miracles. During the process of feeding, leeches secrete a complex mixture of different biologically and pharmacologically active substances into the wound. Hirudin is the best known component of leech saliva. Hirudin is sometimes used to describe all active substance in leech saliva. In reality, Hirudin refers only to one specific active substance in leech salive. Components of medicinal leech saliva that exert effects in the hosts body are:

اسلاید 16: Medical leeches - used since ancient times, they are used Galen (in Rome) and Avicenna (in Arab countries). Especially popular they were in the late 18th century. in the first half of the 19th century. in Western European countries. Attitude leeching (leeching) was negative in the second half of the 19th century., When it was believed that these worms can swing the infection. It was believed that krovovytyah n appearances have only local effects, so it was easier to use bleeding from veins.

اسلاید 17: Return to use n appearances made possible by the development of new theoretical knowledge that explain the mechanism of action n appearances, clarify indications and contraindications for their practical application. In 1990 he established the World Society hirudolohiv. First Congress on the use of p appearances in medicine took place in 1991.

اسلاید 18: There are about 400 species n appearances. In Ukraine propagated only two kinds of blood-jaw n appearances - Medical and horsepower. In medical practice, only a medical p turnout. Leech drug that gives therapeutic effect (Hirudo medicinalis), - brownish-olive color with six (6) red and yellow stripes on the back, covered with black dots along the length of the body, with bright and shorohovatymy belly rings.

اسلاید 19: Pharmacy leech (Hirudo officinalis) - unlike the drug has a dark green color, 6 strips on the back, but no points; abdomen yellowish without p yaten, rings smooth. It is also called Hungarian (where it originated). Unsuitable for medical use are p appear monochromatic, no strips on the back, hairy, cylindrical with blunt heads. Length adults n appearances from 7.5 to 18 mm, on average, about 12 mm. Weight n turnout on average 2.5 g In vivo p turnout reaches required to treat values ​​not earlier than 5 years and three elderly suitable for medical use. In vitro p turnout can grow to a weight suitable for use within 12-15 months - up to 3 years. They live an average of 3-4 years, rarely up to 8 years.

اسلاید 20: prevent blood clots, lowers blood cholesterol, reduce inflammation, increase the bodys defenses. Among them: Collagenase - promotes resorption of colloid scars. Holesterynesteraza-normalizes fat metabolism in the body. Hyaluronidase - facilitates access to the cells of various drugs and bar increases the permeability of tissues, including capillary walls. Fibrinolytic enzymes - help resorption formed clots. Protein hirudin - prevents the occurrence of blood clots.

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اسلاید 22: Hirudin that p appear isolated from the mucus on the spot suction, is an anticoagulant that is a polypeptide of 65-66 amino acids. Hirudin is the strongest direct specific inhibitor of thrombin. Quickly reacting with thrombin, forming an inactive complex. Thus, hirudin called linking all the active sites of thrombin, can completely inhibit its proteolytic activity, inhibits the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors hemocoagulation. Clinical studies have established the effectiveness of hirudin as an antithrombotic agent. It has two advantages over drugs of heparin:

اسلاید 23: 1. More stable anticoagulant effect; 2. Inhibition of thrombin contained in blood Ian clot (called associated with thrombin). In addition, the effect of hirudin does not require the presence of anti-thrombin III or other endogenous cofactors. Leeches have action against coagulation, resolving blood clots, prevent their formation, stop hemoptysis. They have antiatherosclerotic and anesthetic action, help cleanse the body of toxins and poisonous substances. Progress genetic engineering has opened new aspects of production of recombinant proteins. Recombinant hirudin produced by bacteria (Escherichia circle) or cells (Saccharotuces cervicial) and is identical in structure and amino acid composition to native hirudin except for the absence of tyrosine sulfate - 63. Enzymes leeches positively affect the nervous system: the cause growth of nerve cells and the appearance of these additional processes. This means that enzymes n appearances are stimulants, under which the nerve cells are able to recover and even grow.

اسلاید 24: Currently, doctors use leeches in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Thinks that in time these natural doctors will deal with such serious illnesses as multiple sclerosis, effects of stroke, Parkinsons disease and Alzheimers. The conditions p appearances To keep leeches important to artificially create the conditions of their lives as possible answered more natural. Hold n appearances is potted - in small containers and artificial containers for biological factories where they deliver for breeding, catching in the swamps.

اسلاید 25: According to the order of Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 16.03.1993 № 44 On the organization of storage in retail establishments of different groups of drugs and medical devices, storage of medical n appearances should be light, odorless drug. Not allowed various temperature fluctuations, as it causes the death of leeches. Pharmacies leeches to keep shyrokohorlyh glass vessels, the rate of 3 liters of water at 50-100 individuals. Young and energetic leeches should be kept in a jar, and there are moving in yalo and slowly turning into a ball, you must keep apart. Leeches are placed in large quantities in a pot, in the early days many isolated excrement, water staining in green, indicating their healthy condition.

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اسلاید 27: Water for content leeches should be clean, free from chlorine, peroxide compounds, salts of heavy metals, mechanical impurities, be at room temperature. The water in the vessel should be changed daily, zahotovlyayuchy its advance, two days before use.

اسلاید 28: Changing the water inside the bowl is washed and then the neck vessels covered with gauze and poured water over it. The vessel is filled with clean water to 1/3 cans. Irrational use of leeches for boiled water, spring or well, because the latter contains lime particles that bad for the p appearance. Winter water change after 7 days in summer 2 times a week, in great heat - daily and must change if the water appears green and mucus with brown spots.

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اسلاید 30: THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!