Risk Management for Highway Design
اسلاید 1: Risk Management for Highway DesignJeffrey Shaw, P.E.Safety & Design TST
اسلاید 2:
اسلاید 3: “RISK”A factor, element, or course involving uncertainty regarding harm, loss, danger or damage
اسلاید 4: Risk Management Test for DesignDoes your agency have adequate and dynamic processes in place to identify existing and new risks faced? Does your agency have the right balance of arrangements in place to deal with these risks? Does your agency have an adequate framework for risk analysis and evaluation to support decision-making processes?Source: Guide to Risk Assessment and Allocation for Highway Construction Management, FHWA-PL-06-032
اسلاید 5: Risk Management CharacteristicsExplicitly addresses uncertaintyBased on the best available informationPart of the decision-making process Systematic, structured, and an integral part of organizational processesDynamic, iterative, responsive to change, and capable of continual improvement and enhancementAccounts for human factors Transparent and inclusive
اسلاید 6: Risk-oriented Highway DesignNot a new conceptMay involve different approaches and viewpointsWho or what is “at risk” and what is the core motivationSafety of Facility Users (i.e. motorists, pedestrians, etc.)?Road Agency (tort liability concerns)?Underlying theme is addressing the riskImplication is that relying solely on standards does not guarantee a facility free of riskIdentifying/defining the risk is essential for managing the risk
اسلاید 7: Fundamental AspectsUnderstanding Design Risk involves:Knowing the basis and assumptions underlying the standardsDefining the conditions of the projectPhysicalTrafficSafety
اسلاید 8: Identify & Characterize the Degree of RiskWhat are the variables that influence Risk?ExposureTraffic VolumeLocationDurationDeviation from NominalDegree of varianceSeverity of OutcomePossible worst-case scenario
اسلاید 9: Assessing Design RisksAssessing the probability and severity of adverse consequences associated with activities, recommendations or designs. Does not need to be a complicated quantitative assessment, but rather a practical assessment based on experience, engineering judgment and historical standard of practice.To the extent possible, risks should be quantified, both on the basis of their potential probability and for their potential consequences.
اسلاید 10: Risk-based Safety Analysis ToolsSafety Effects Studies horizontal alignmentvertical alignmentcross-sectionintersectionsIHSDM (ihsdm.org)Includes crash prediction, design consistency and capacity calcHighway Safety Manual
اسلاید 11: Latest Research and Best PracticesDesign-stage Road Safety AuditsRisk-based Safety Analysis Tools
اسلاید 12: Safety Performance EvolutionNOMINAL SAFETYexamined in reference to compliance with standards, warrants, guidelines and sanctioned design proceduresSUBSTANTIVE SAFETYactual or expected crash frequency and severity for a highway or roadway segment or intersection
اسلاید 13: RSAs Add Value to a ProjectCompromises and constraints are a normal part of transportation budgetingRSAs demonstrate the safety implications of roadway elementsRSAs ensure that safety is an explicit consideration, and that safety does not “fall through the cracks”RSA focus corresponds to stage of project
اسلاید 14: Early Stage RSAsPRECONSTRUCTIONplanning / feasibilitypreliminary (draft) designdetailed designCONSTRUCTIONwork zonespre-openingEXISTINGin-operation reviewsHIGH VALUE!
اسلاید 15: Integrating RSA + VEConsider the sequence scenarios of conducting both an RSA and a VE study on the same projectPossible Outcomes:RSA conducted before VEVE conducted before RSARSA and VE conducted in concert, with separate teams of individualshttp://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/rsa/resources.htm
اسلاید 16: Considering Risk of Design ExceptionsEvaluating design exceptions in determining whether:An appropriate criterion for a CORRIDOR is less than the minimum normally applicable (design speed, roadway width)An appropriate design value to use at a LOCATION is less than the minimum standard (curve radius, gradient)
اسلاید 17: Common Denominator of Highway DesignEffectively dealing with the “TRADE-OFFS”Adding lanes vs. minimizing property takesClear zones vs. preserving mature treesProperty access vs. high mobilityDesigning for vehicle traffic vs. accommodating other user groups
اسلاید 18: Design Controls with High-Reward PotentialFunctional ClassificationDesign SpeedDesign TrafficDesign VehicleDesign User
اسلاید 19: Design Risk Management Process
اسلاید 20: Link Between Risk Mgt and Flexible DesignHelps deliver both a PROJECT and a PROGRAMUnderlies a National Priority (FHWA and AASHTO)Allows consideration of a wider range of alternatives and design optionsFacilitates cost-effectiveness, with emphasis on increasing safety & efficiency
اسلاید 21: Recognition of Risk-Reward Basis“It is not feasible or intended for highway projects to be entirely risk-free, as there are potential rewards to the project when risk is taken.“
اسلاید 22: Using Risk Mgt to Improve Design“In many cases, the risks associated with decisions can be mitigated with inclusion or enhancement of other features, which may offset the risk.”“The evaluation of risk is an interdisciplinary process requiring involvement of project team members and stakeholders based on the specific issues and an evaluation of risk tolerability.”
اسلاید 23: A Peer ModelRequires a Plan/ProcessIdentify Related RisksAnalyze in terms of Severity and LikelihoodDecide and DocumentPermits either Quantitative or Qualitative Assessments
اسلاید 24: Related Training & Technical AssistanceFY2010 NHI #380095Highway Design: Applying Flexibility & Risk ManagementFHWA Resource Center Safety & Design Teamwww.fhwa.gov/resourcecenter/NEW
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