رینیت و آسم آلرژیک

رینیت و آسم آلرژیک

اسلاید 1: Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition Introduction Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the lower airways characterized by largely reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and episodic respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, productive cough, and the sensations of breathlessness and chest tightness.In the present article, we summarize the patterns of inflammation of the upper and lower airways; we emphasize the need to consider treating the inflammation that is common to both. We introduce briefly techniques currently used to describe characteristic cells and mediators of inflammation common to both asthma and AR. Of course, patients with asthma, as well as AR, can demonstrate a spectrum of symptoms clinically and, likewise, of inflammatory changes.

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اسلاید 4: Evaluating the airways for inflammation With the exception of the anterior nares and a good proportion of the nasopharynx and larynx (which are keratinized and stratified squamous, respectively), the microscopic anatomy of normal nasal and bronchial mucosa is similar: a pseudostratified epithelium resting on a reticular basement membrane with underlying subepithelium (that is, lamina propria).There are several techniques for evaluating inflammation in lower or upper airways in both clinical and research settings.