عوامل موثر بر موفقیت انتشار نتایج پژوهش های دکتری در مجلات بین‌المللی

عوامل موثر بر موفقیت انتشار نتایج پژوهش های دکتری در مجلات بین‌المللی

اسلاید 1: عوامل موثر بر موفقیت انتشار نتایج پژوهش های دکتری در مجلات بین المللیبیتا مشایخیدانشیار دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران5 آذر 1392دومین هم اندیشی دانشجویان دکتری حسابداری ایران

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اسلاید 4: Overview of paperMain stages research to publicationThe Typical Outline for an Empirical PaperWriting English ProperlyWhere to publish?Journal Impact FactorsSubmitting to journalsAcceptance or Rejection?Peer Review

اسلاید 5: Main stages research to publicationPlanning & structuring Doing the Literature ReviewData collectionAnalysis WritingDissemination

اسلاید 6: Best Topic: • whatever interests you • but keep the profession in mind • think about how it fits in some literature

اسلاید 7: Main stages research to publication:Planning & structuring Doing the Literature ReviewData collectionAnalysis WritingDissemination

اسلاید 8: Main stages research to publication:Planning & structuring Doing the Literature ReviewData collectionAnalysis WritingDissemination

اسلاید 9: Main stages research to publication:Planning & structuring Doing the Literature ReviewData collectionAnalysis WritingDissemination

اسلاید 10: Main stages research to publication:Planning & structuring Doing the Literature ReviewData collectionAnalysis WritingDissemination

اسلاید 11: Main stages research to publication:Planning & structuring Doing the Literature ReviewData collectionAnalysis WritingDissemination

اسلاید 12: The Typical Outline for an Empirical PaperTypical outline• Introduction• Theory—or theoretical basis• Data• Results• Tests and/or implications of results• Conclusions/implications

اسلاید 13: “Introduction”• Not a literature review. It may cite things that motivate, but should never review them.• Is a statement of the problem, its background and importance. “Theory”• To show something new, not to show you can repeat others.• To derive or motivate your empirical work• To clarify your idea in readers’ minds

اسلاید 14: “Data”• Longer if novel; shorter if data are well known • Descriptive statistics—often can make main point here. “Results”• The results must be discussed at length• Stress/discuss the original; spend no time on standard results.• Results must be linked to theoretical derivation—and vice-versa

اسلاید 15: “Tests and implications”• Various tests for robustness of results—but only major ones. Minor checks go in footnotes.• Uses of the results—explicit applications to problems

اسلاید 16: “Conclusions/implications”• NOT just a repeat of what you did. That should be ≤ 2 paragraphs of a conclusion that is at least 3 paragraphs.• Should put in context of literature—what you have added.• Should say something about where one might go—but should be general; shouldn’t be modifications of yours.• Policy implications ONLY if they are novel, relevant.

اسلاید 17: “Abstract”1. Write this AFTER the paper is drafted.2. Should NOT be a paragraph from intro or conclusion3. Should summarize what you did, both theoretical (if any), and empirical (including data used). Should entice the reader.4. Stick to any space limitations

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اسلاید 19: Writing English Properly• Why this matters?• Readers’ time is scarce• Readers infer substantive carelessness from written carelessness• English is easy at one level, very difficult at another; and it can be bad at several levels• Lowest level—so bad that reader cannot infer what you are doing. Reader infers you do not know either.• Next level—repeated subject-verb disagreements,incorrect pluralization and possessives, etc.• Next level• Left-out articles—a common problem for Asian-language speakers, Russians.• Incorrect prepositions.• Incorrect gerunds and participial phrases

اسلاید 20: Solving English Problems• What to do about the writing?• Get a native English speaker to read it carefully for you.• Always read word-for-word before sending it off.• Have your spouse/friend read it—if he/she can’t understand intro/concls, probably unclear.• Publicity as an improving device• Use your PR office• This helps your University.• Your Dean loves it.• Enhances your usefulness to society• Provides a good check on your work—can you explain it to the press layperson? 

اسلاید 21: Where to publish?

اسلاید 22: Publishing strategiesShot gun or sniper? i.e. large number of papers but lower quality (easier) journals? OR taking far longer, fewer paper to carefully target highest ranking journals​? Both strategies have costs/benefitsShot gun: benefits - you get the numbers, a mass of publications (useful for some promotion panels/external funders who dont know about journal quality!). You start to get your name known.

اسلاید 23: Publishing strategiesBenefits: easier journals to get into so often less work per paper. Some of lowest journals are desperate for papers! BUTShot gun: costs – you are not hitting the best journals. Your international peers know this. Lowest ranked journals can be seen as waste of time by govt research committees etc.Since it is so easy: can feel less rewarding

اسلاید 24: Publishing strategiesSniper: benefits – publication in the most prestigious journals can open doors for funding, promotion.You are in company of top international academics in your field: it shows your quality.Top journals are often more referred to by peers, researchers etc since better circulation internationally

اسلاید 25: Publishing strategiesBenefits – if the top journals reject your paper you can use the referees comments & submit to lower ranked journal. The reverse doesnt work!Personally can be very rewarding & hugely satisfying to publish your work in the best journals

اسلاید 26: Publishing strategiesSniper: costs – slow & difficult process (top journals have extremely high rejection rates) so papers need to be best you can get them to have any chanceFewer papers produced in same time you could have turned out more papers for low rank journals (can be a problem for promotion boards)

اسلاید 27: What is Journal Impact Factors and

اسلاید 28: Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What? Why?Evaluate the scholarly worth of a journalRank journals within a disciplineHelp you decide where to publish your article for maximum impactEvaluation for promotion / tenure / grants, or in some countries, even government funding of an institutionFrequently used as an evaluation source by librarians during journal cancellations or new purchases

اسلاید 29: Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What? Where do we find Impact Factors?Impact factors are listed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR)Thomson Reuters (formerly ISI) has one, huge database, Web of Science, that…Indexes selected journals > 8,000 science; > 3,000 social science journals; > 1,800 Arts & Humanities Tracks “cited references” and “times cited”Activity: Search for an article in your field that has been highly cited.

اسلاید 30: Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What? What is the Journal Impact Factor? How is it calculated?E.g., the 2009 Impact factor for the journal Cell = Number of times articles or other items published in Cell during 2007 & 2008 were cited in indexed journals* during 2009 –––––––––-––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Number of “citable” articles** published in Cell in 2007 & 2008~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*Only references in articles within the ~13,000 journals indexed in Web of Science are counted; does not include citations that may cite the articles in Cell from book chapters, proceedings, or other journals that are not indexed in Web of Science * * Citable articles are just research articles and reviews – not news articles, commentary, etc.

اسلاید 31: Journal Impact Factors: Why? Where? What? For example:Cites in 2009 to items published in 2008 + 2007 = 9533 + 12554 = 22087      Number of items published in Cell in 2008 + 2007 = 343 + 366 = 709 Impact = Cites to recent items ………22087 = 31.152Factor Number of recent items published …..709         

اسلاید 32: Criticisms of Journal Impact Factors…Only a limited subset of journals is indexed by ISIBiased toward English-language journalsShort (two year) snapshot of journal Includes self-citations, that is articles in which the article cites other papers in the same journalOnly includes “citable” articles in the denominator of the equation, i.e., articles and reviews It is expensive to subscribe to the JCR

اسلاید 33: Other Journal Ranking Efforts…

اسلاید 34: Submitting to journalsMost journals accept online submission. Often quite slow/complicated sequence. Take care & allow enough time!Normally simple upload of your final files. You should have followed journal style guide (web page/copy of journal) closely eg how to set out, references style etcOnline system builds PDF of your (main text, figures, tables, refs)

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اسلاید 36: Sample rejection letter!REJECTEDREJECTED

اسلاید 37: Reasons for RejectionAnalysis of editorial selection decisions reveal top reasons for rejection:unimportant or insignificant contributions (29.3%)methodological shortcomings or flaws (26.%)inadequate theories or concepts (21.3%),poor writing or presentation (10.0%)out of scope for the particular journal (9.6%)

اسلاید 38: Persistence is a VirtueIf at first you don’t succeed, try, try, and try againRevise, but don’t simply resubmitMost manuscripts submitted for publication in refereed journals get rejected at one time or another before achieving publication

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اسلاید 40: Improving the Odds of AcceptanceMaintain a stock of 5 or 6 papers under review at all time Diversify your research as well as your publication portfolio Balance between quality and quantity of publications

اسلاید 41: Improving the Odds of AcceptanceIf you have 2 good ideas about a topic, develop them into 2 manuscripts instead of putting them into one paperThe longer a manuscript, the more likely that referees will either misunderstand it or find something wrong with your reasoning or interpretation of results

اسلاید 42: The Right OutletResearch and select a journal that best fits your research and intended audience before submitting a manuscriptMatch your manuscript with the scope of the target journal and improve on presentation, which can easily increase your odds of acceptance by 20%

اسلاید 43: Peer Review: A TrustJournals provide a forum to:communicate new findingsdisseminate new knowledge to a wide audienceinform public policyPeer review ensures scientific quality of publications by asking other scholars to assess the value and merit of the research and the accuracy of its result