Ayurveda

Ayurveda

اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir

اسلاید 2: Ayurveda

اسلاید 3: http://nurs3730.wikispaces.com/For our project components, check out our Wikispace:

اسلاید 4: Hand-Out

اسلاید 5: AyurvedaWorlds oldest system of natural medicineTraditional, comprehensive, evolved over 5000 yrsVeda = “knowledge or science”Ayus = “life or lifespan”Ayurveda means... “Science of Life” or “Knowledge of the Lifespan”Deals with the principles of creation, preservation and restoration of health, and the promotion of longevity(Morrison & Svoboda; 1995)

اسلاید 6: Brief History of Ayurvedic MedicineEarly health-care was considered a part of a spiritual traditionThe early Sages: deeply devoted to God received knowledge of Ayurveda through divine revelationKnowledge transmitted orally & eventually transcribed into books600 B.C. two schools of Ayurveda formed: School of Physicians & the School of SurgeonsThey established a strong empirical foundation for Ayurveda Consequently, Ayurveda grew into a respected & widely used system of healing in India(Mishra, Singh & Dagenais, 2001)

اسلاید 7: Brief History of Ayurvedic Medicine400 B.C. Ayurvedic texts translated into Chinese Many Chinese scholars came to India to study Ayurveda800 A.D. Ayurvedic books translated into Arabic900 A.D. Islamic physicians quoting Ayurvedic texts became very influential & contributed to evolution of medicine in Europe1600 A.D. Paracelsus, (Renaissance physician) practiced a system of medicine that borrowed heavily from AyurvedaSignificant obstacle for the scientific credibility of Ayurveda was the lack of standardization, adherence to traditional methods for preparing formulas (Mishra, Singh & Dagenais, 2001)

اسلاید 8: AyurvedaGoal: to integrate & balance the body, mind, spirit. This is believed to help prevent illness & promote wellnessMany therapies used in Ayurvedic medicine are also used on their own as CAM—i.e. herbs, massage, & specialized diets(National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2005)

اسلاید 9: Ayurveda is HolisticView of the individual as an integrated whole, not a collection of partsSees the person as intimately connected to nature and the universeEnvironment, relationships, job and constitutional type, diet & activities, the weather & seasons are important when considering prevention, diagnosis & treatmentMENTAL PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL SPIRITUAL(National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2005)

اسلاید 10: An Emphasis on BalanceThe human body is part of nature – when it runs perfectly as designed, it can be perfectly healthyUsing self-healing and self-regulating, it is trying to be healthy at all times (homeostatic balance)Interference causes imbalanceWrong diet, poor exercise, negative thinking, stress and fatigue etc.(Morrison & Svoboda; 1995)

اسلاید 11: The five fundamental elements that make up the universe: space, air, fire, water & earthalso make up the human physiologyThese energies are called...“doshas”(Mishra, Singh, & Dagenais, 2001)

اسلاید 12: DOSHAS/ DOSASStructure & EnergyConcept of dosha has two fundamental ideas:Its being a bioenergetic substanceIts acting as a bioenergetic regulatory physiological force, process, principle (Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)

اسلاید 13: Three Doshasvata pitta kapha (Fontaine, 2005)

اسلاید 14: VataElements: air & spaceClimate: dry & coldPrinciple: movementEmotions: fearful, anxious, sensitive, nervous, changeableSystems Most Affected by Vata Imbalances: CNS & colonSymptoms of Vata Imbalance: flatulence, back pain, circulation problems, dry skin, fearfulness, arthritis, constipation and CNS disorders (Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)

اسلاید 15: PittaElements: fire & waterClimate: hot & moistPrinciple: transformationEmotions: hate, anger, intolerance, impatience, jealousy, humour, intelligence, warm-heartedness.Systems of Pitta Imbalance: skin disorders, acidity, sun-sensitivity, premature hair loss or loss of hair colour, diarrhea (Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)

اسلاید 16: KaphaElements: water & earthClimate: cold & dampPrinciple: cohesionEmotions: stubbornness, greed, jealousy, possessiveness, lethargy, reliability & methodical behaviour, kindliness, motherlinessSystems of Kapha Imbalance: congestion, bronchial/nasal discharge, sluggish, digestion, nausea, slow mental responses, idleness, desire for sleep, excess weight, fluid retention(Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)

اسلاید 17: Ayurveda & Transcultural Nursing PerspectivesLeininger’s Modes of Action & DecisionsCulture Care Preservation/Maintenance Nursing Goal: identify practices based on care preservation & maintenance for healthy outcomesb. Culture Care Accommodation/NegotiationNursing Goal: accommodating of herbs & special diets Awareness of meditation practices c. Culture Care Repatterning/Restructuring Nursing Goal: awareness of practices & legal issues(Larson-Presswalla, 1994)

اسلاید 18: Ayurveda & Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness Definition of Consciousness - Interaction With EnvironmentPERSONImbedded in & interacting with the larger energy system known as the universeKnown for their ways of being, patterns of energy, & distinctness from othersENVIRONMENTHuman beings are related to the larger universe, always in interaction with the environmentConsciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction(Newman & Moch, 1991; Pharris & Endo, 2007)

اسلاید 19: Ayurveda & Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness HEALTHIncorporates disease as a manifestation of the evolving pattern (information) of the whole person in interaction with the environment NURSINGGoal: to utilize their power that is within as they evolve toward higher level of consciousness(Newman & Moch, 1991; Pharris & Endo, 2007)

اسلاید 20: Application to Nursing Practice Patient SafetyAyurvedic Medications http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2008/2008_73-eng.phpPatient Education Nurse EducationDetermining Dosha types and reviewing lifestyles(Narayanasamy & Narayanasamy, 2006)

اسلاید 21: Personal Background of the PractitionerRAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F., C.A.H.P.Ayurvedic Physician & LecturerCertified Holistic Practitioner PanchaKarma Specialist Quality Assurance Person (Q.A.P.) Co-Founder & Director of ICAP Inc. (International Council of Ayurvedic Physician Inc.)  Director of IIACM Inc. (Institute of Ayurveda & Complimentary Medicines Inc.)

اسلاید 22: Personal Background of the PractitionerRAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F., C.A.H.P.Family Tradition - 4th generation practitionerFather emigrated to Canada & opened practice in TorontoDr. Modi continued with practice: expanded & modernized it Brought a modern influence to an ancient system

اسلاید 23: Training is accredited and licensed, but specific to individual, private schools / institutions that certify individual practitioners. (RNAO, 2009; AMANA, 2009) Training / Licensing Requirements for Ayurveda

اسلاید 24: Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship Knowledge Gained from the Interview: Lifestyle: Plays an important part in maintaining mind-body-spirit relationshipFood and Diet: What you eat will affect your physical and mental healthWork and Leisure: The way we handle our bodies will affect the mind-body-spirit relationshipOur body & mind are interconnected & inseparable

اسلاید 25: Dr. Modi’s statements were in line with the research literatureFood and Diet: What we eat plays a big part in determining health Brings strength, complexion, happiness & longevity without disturbing the equilibrium of dhatus (tissues) & doshas of the body Work and Leisure: These are activities as opportunities to counter any imbalances & nurture the mental, emotional & inner aspectsTake Home Point: The way we handle our body will ultimately affect our mind & spirit (Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Sharma, 2009; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007)Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship

اسلاید 26: Knowledge Gained from Literature: Holistic knowledge: the whole range of life, inner, and outerIndividual as an integrated whole: not just a collection of parts (eyes, lungs, heart)Each and every person is unique, with their own individualistic mind, body constitution & life circumstances(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks, 1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009; NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy; 2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994)Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship

اسلاید 27: Knowledge Gained from Literature: Body uses its innate self healing as a self regulating ability for a perfect homeostatic balanceDoshas work together to produce strong healthy tissues. Doshas are balanced if the mind & body are in harmony producing emotional & mental stabilities. Simply, what we eat and do each day & how we think & feel are the influences in maintaining a good body-mind-spirit relationship(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks, 1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009; NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy; 2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994)Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship

اسلاید 28: Knowledge Gained from Literature: Dr. Vasant teaches that certain negative emotions are connected with specific body muscles & organs ORGAN NEGATIVE EMOTIONS AdrenalsAnxiety, lack of supportBladderInsecurityColonNervousnessHeartSense of lack of love, feelings of deep hurtLungsSadness and griefKidneyFearGallbladderHateLiverAngerSmall IntestineSense of FailureSpleenGreed, attachment, possessivenessStomachLack of fulfillment, contentment(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995)Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship

اسلاید 29: Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic ResearchInterview comments:The practice of AyurvedaDietAdjustment to lifestyle & workstylesEducation Ayurveda DiagnosisInitial assessment through observationPulse diagnosis Ayurveda TreatmentPanchakarma (Five actions of cleansing)Shiro Dhara (Oil dripping on forehead)Mental health and Ayurveda Mental Health and Addictions department collaboration on research about mental health and AyurvedaExtensive research being conducted in Ayurveda and mental illness

اسلاید 30: Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic ResearchLiterature on Ayurveda:Imbalance in mental doshas (satogun, rajogun & tamogun) & body doshas (vata, pita & kapha) causes major illness.Management includes:Clinical examinationDiagnosis – essentially done by observation, touch & questioningDietary InterventionsLifestyle InterventionsTreatment (Mishra, 2001)

اسلاید 31: Literature on Ayurveda:Clinical examination consists of a 8-point diagnosis:Pulse diagnosisUrine, stool, tongue, voice & body soundsEye, skin, & total body appearance examinationDigestive system & physical health examinationAdditional examinations include digestive capacity, personal habits & resilience (Mishra, 2001)Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research

اسلاید 32: Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic ResearchLiterature on Ayurveda:TreatmentPanchakarma (Cleansing)PalliationDietary & lifestyle interventionsHerbal dietary supplementsYogaMassageEducation(Mishra, 2001) 

اسلاید 33: Literature on Ayurveda: DietVital to health managementAccording to:Your Primary DoshaSeasonClimateAge & SexQualities of Food(Mishra, 2001) Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research

اسلاید 34: Literature on Ayurveda: Ayurveda & Mental Health Study on treatment of schizophrenia with Ayurvedic medicineTreatment of depression with Ayurvedic medicineShirodhara (dripping oil on the forehead) AnxietyAltered state of consciousnessADHD(Agarwal et al., 2009; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Ohja, Kumar, & Rai, 2007; Uebaba et al., 2008)Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research

اسلاید 35: Payment Structure/Fees Ayurvedic Consultation $115Follow up consultation $50Sliding Scale of Treatment & Payment optionsDiamond / Golden / Silver PackagesPanchakarma - rejuvenation & cleansing $ 325 (+3hr session) - $ 175 (1½ hr session)Shirodhara - flowing stream of medicated warm oil on forehead (third eye) $ 120 (1½ hr session ) - $ 30 (15min)Abhayanga (Ayurvedic Healing Massage) $190 (2 hours) - $ 45 (½ hour)http://www.ayurvedtoronto.com/services.htm

اسلاید 36: Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese MedicineSimilaritiesboth conceptualize essence of life in terms of the ebb & flow of energy focus on the patient rather than the diseaseaim to promote health & enhance quality of lifesymptoms mean very little by themselves examines every person holistically & by their body type to properly form diagnosesmany overlapping herbs used in both traditions (Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005)

اسلاید 37: Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese MedicineDifferencesTCM diagnoses patients based on to the Ying & Yang Theory practitioners see the body as a unified whole with opposing aspects every element, function & feeling has a complementary opposite view illness as a result of Yin & Yang imbalanceAyurveda concerned with achieving balance between the three doshasviews the body as a series of energy channelsdisease is seen as an impairment to the flow of energy through these channels(Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005)

اسلاید 38: Ayurveda & ReikiBoth approaches grounded in the belief of life energiesReiki is a purely energy based therapyAyurveda concerned with seven major Chakras(Miles & True, 2003)

اسلاید 39: Ayurveda & AromatherapyUtilize many of the same raw materialsessential oils, absolutes, phytoncides , herbal distillates, infusions, carrier oilsBoth apply the principle of synergism of essential oils with the body to heal the mind, improve cognitive functioning & overall healthBoth systems believe the nose to be the gateway to the brain & consciousness(van der Watt, & Janca, 2008)

اسلاید 40: How is Ayurveda perceived and its relevance to our caring-healing praxis?

اسلاید 41: Hands-On! Ayurvedic Methods & TechniquesVideo DemonstrationsClass Exercise What’s your dosha?How to balance your dosha?

اسلاید 42: ReferencesAgarwal, V., Abhijnhan, A., & Raviraj, P. (2009). Ayurvedic medicine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane Collaboration, 4, 1-35.Anselmo, P., & Brooks, J. (1996). Ayurvedic Secrets to Longevity and Total Health. London: Prentice Hall. Biswas, T., & Mukherjee, B. (2003). Plant medicines of Indian origin for wound healing activities: A review. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2(1), 25-39.Fontaine, K.L. (2005). Complementary & alternative therapies for nursing practice. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education Inc.Garodia, P., Ichikawa, H., Malani, N., Sethi, G., & Aggarwal, B. (2007). From Ancient Medicine to Modern Medicine: Ayurvedic Concepts of Health and Their Role in Inflammation and Cancer. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology, 5(1), 1-16. Krishnamurthy, M., & Telles, S. (2007). Assessing depression following two ancient Indian interventions: Effects of yoga and Ayurveda on older adults in a residential home. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 33(2), 17-23. Larson-Presswalla, J. (1994). Insights Into Eastern Health Care: Some Transcultural Nursing Perspectives. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 5 (1), 21-24.

اسلاید 43: ReferencesLenora, S. (1968). Ayurveda Medicine: The Strange and Fascinating Tale of the Art and Science of Indian Medicine. Clinical Pediatrics, 7, 239-242.Miles, P., & True, G. (2003). Reiki: Review of a Biofield Therapy. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(2), 62–72. Mishra, L. (2001). Healthcare and disease management in Ayurveda. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 44-50.Mishra, L., Singh, B.B., & Dagenais, S. (2001). Ayurveda: A Historical Perspective And Principles of the Traditional Healthcare System in India. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 36-42.Narayanasamy, A. & Narayanasamy, M. (2006). Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction for Nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 15(21), 1185-1190.National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2005). Ayurvedia Medicine: An Introduction. Retrieved October 23, 2009, from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htmNewman, M. A., & Moch, S. D. (1991). Life Patterns of Persons with Coronary Heart Disease. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4(4), 161-167.

اسلاید 44: ReferencesNinivaggi, F.J. (2008). Ayurveda: A comprehensive guide to traditional Indian medicine for the West. Praeger Publishers, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc.Ohja, N., Kumar, A., & Rai, M. (2007). Clinical study on the role of Ayurvedic compound (Manas Niyamak Yoga) and Shirodhara in the management of ADHD in children. National Institute of Ayurveda.Patwardhan, B., Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, N. (2005). Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Comparative Overview. eCAM, 2(4), 465–473.Pharris, M. D., & Endo, E. (2007). Flying Free: The Evolving Nature of Nursing Practice Guided by the Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20(2), 136-140Sharma, V. (2009). Diets based on Ayurvedic constitution-potential for weight management. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 15(1), 44-47.    Uebaba et al., (2008). Psychoneuroimmunologic effects of Ayurvedic oil-dripping treatment. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, 14, 1189-1198.van der Watt, G., & Janca, A. (2008). Aromatherapy in nursing and mental health care. Contemporary Nurse, 30 (1), 69-75.