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www.ti sir
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MEDICINAL LEECH
(HIRUDO MEDICINALIS)
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Medicinal leeches are any of several species of
leeches, but most commonly Hirudo
medicinalis, the European medicinal leech.
Other Hirudo species sometimes used as
medicinal leeches include (but are not limited
to) Hirudo orientalis, Hirudo troctina, and
Hirudo verbana. The Mexican medical leech is
Hirudinaria manillensis, and the North
American medical leech is Macrobdella decora.
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THE LEECH
The leech
The leech is a freshwater amphibious worm, usually
black or brown and about 10 cm in length. Of the more
than 650 known species in the Hirudo genus, Hirudo
medicinalis is used most often in medical therapy. The
mouth of the leech has three jaws, each of which has
about 100 tiny teeth. Leeches have disc shaped sucker
on each end of their bodies that allow them to hang on ._ /
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ieee Mung
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INDICATIONS FOR
LEECH THERAPY
> Inflammatory Reactions
> Heart Diseases
» Rheumatic Diseases
> Tendovaginitis and Tendinitis
» Venous Disease and Varicose Veins
> Arthrosis
> Arthritis
> Muscle Tension
> Antidyscratic therapy ( blood purification and
regeneration) of toxicoses and mental illnesses
» Thrombosis and embolism
> Passive congestions and spastic conditions
> Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes
._» Transudates and exudates
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CONTRAINDICATIONS
» Immunocompromised client
» Bleeding disorders such as hemophilia
» Preexisting arterial insufficiency
(all of these conditions pose an extreme
riskof infection or excessive blood loss )
» A patient's refusal to accept blood
transfusions
» Patients who refuse leech therapy should
not receive it.
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STORAGE OF
LEECHES
Take a glass jar, fill it to 2/3 by non-
chlorinated water, cover by fabric with a good elastic
band (leeches can crawl out without it - the smallest
hole is big enough for them).
Keep in mind leeches must breathe (they can breathe
through fabric but not through a plastic cover)
Change the water every 3-6 days (depends on
quantity of leeches in a jar)
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Leeches - Pricing and Shipping
Information
Roughly 600 leech species have been
identified to date, but only about 15 are
used in medicine. Leeches classified as
“medicinal leeches”, Hirudo Medicinalis, in
the narrower sense have been used to
treat patients for centuries.
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The first documented accounts of the use of Hirudo medicinalis for medicinal
purposes date back to the time of Hippocrates. According to Sanskrit
writings, Dhavantari, the father of Indian medicine, held nectar in one hand
and a leech in the other. Leech therapy is also used in traditional Chinese
medicine. Paintings of medicinal leeches have been found in pharaohs
tombs. The Solomon Parables also describe leech treatment use in ancient
medicine. Leech therapy in Greek medicine can be found in the poem
Alexipharmacia by Nicandros. Roman physician Galen classified leech terapy
as a method for achieving healthy balance. Avicenna also used leeches for
healing aids. In the past leeches have proved to be the most effective
treatment in many cases. Leeches were especially useful in battle wound
treatment. European countries in the 18th and 19th centuries imported over
100 million leeches every year to satisfy high demand.
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Today, doctors use leeches for
treating abscesses, painful joints,
glaucoma, myasthenia, and to heal
venous diseases and thrombosis.
Medical leeches are used in plastic
surgery, for improving brain
circulation and for curing infertility.
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THE GENERAL
INDICATIONS FOR
inflamladtoky @ebdtioht 1_RAPY ARE:
Heart Diseases
Rheumatic Diseases
Tendovaginitis and Tendinitis
Venous Disease and Varicose Veins
Arthrosis
Arthritis
Muscle Tension
Antidyscratic therapy ( blood purification and
regeneration) of toxicoses and mental illnesses
Thrombosis and embolism
Passive congestions and spastic conditions
Vertebrogenic Pain Syndromes
Transudates and exudates
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Asimple principle lies at the heart of all
hirudo-miracles. During the process of
feeding, leeches secrete a complex
mixture of different biologically and
pharmacologically active substances into
the wound. Hirudin is the best known
component of leech saliva. Hirudin is
sometimes used to describe all active
substance in leech saliva. In reality, Hirudin
refers only to one specific active substance
in leech salive. Components of medicinal
leech saliva that exert effects in the host's
body are:
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Medical leeches - used since ancient times,
they are used Galen (in Rome) and Avicenna
(in Arab countries). Especially popular they
were in the late 18th century. In the first half of
the 19th century. in Western European
countries.
Attitude leeching (leeching) was negative in
the second half of the 19th century., When it
was believed that these worms can swing the
infection. It was believed that krovovytyah n
‘appearances have only local effects, so it was
easier to use bleeding from veins.
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Return to use n ۱۵۵063۵۲3۱665 ۵۵6 0055016
by the development of new theoretical
knowledge that explain the mechanism of
action n “appearances, clarify indications
and contraindications for their practical
application. In 1990 he established the
World Society hirudolohiv. First Congress on
the use of p “appearances in medicine took
place in 1991.
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There are about 400 species n
“appearances. In Ukraine propagated only
two kinds of blood-jaw n ‘appearances -
Medical and horsepower. In medical
practice, only a medical p “turnout.
Leech drug that gives therapeutic effect
(Hirudo medicinalis), - brownish-olive
color with six (6) red and yellow stripes
on the back, covered with black dots
along the length of the body, with bright
and shorohovatymy belly rings.
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Pharmacy leech (Hirudo officinalis) - unlike the drug has
a dark green color, 6 strips on the back, but no points;
abdomen yellowish without p "yaten, rings smooth. It is
also called Hungarian (where it originated).
Unsuitable for medical use are p “appear
monochromatic, no strips on the back, hairy, cylindrical
with blunt heads.
Length adults n ‘appearances from 7.5 to 18 mm, on
average, about 12 mm. Weight n ‘turnout on average 2.5
9
In vivo p "turnout reaches required to treat values not
earlier than 5 years and three elderly suitable for
medical use. In vitro p "turnout can grow to a weight
suitable for use within 12-15 months - up to 3 years.
They live an average of 3-4 years, rarely up to 8 years.
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prevent blood clots, lowers blood cholesterol,
reduce inflammation, increase the body's defenses.
Among them:
Collagenase - promotes resorption of colloid scars.
Holesterynesteraza-normalizes fat metabolism in
the body. Hyaluronidase - facilitates access to the
cells of various drugs and bar increases the
permeability of tissues, including capillary walls.
Fibrinolytic enzymes - help resorption formed clots.
protein hirudin - prevents the occurrence of blood
clots.
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Hirudin that p "appear isolated from the mucus
on the spot suction, is an anticoagulant that is a
polypeptide of 65-66 amino acids. Hirudin is the
strongest direct specific inhibitor of thrombin.
Quickly reacting with thrombin, forming an_
inactive complex. Thus, hirudin called “linkin
all the active sites of thrombin, can completely
inhibit its proteolytic activity, inhibits the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activates
factors hemocoagulation. Clinical studies have
established the effectiveness of hirudin as an
antithrombotic agent. It has two advantages
over drugs of heparin:
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1. More stable anticoagulant effect;
2. Inhibition of thrombin contained in blood "Ian clot (called”
associated with thrombin).
In addition, the effect of hirudin does not require the presence of
anti-thrombin III or other endogenous cofactors.
Leeches have action against coagulation, resolving blood clots,
prevent their formation, stop hemoptysis. They have
antiatherosclerotic and anesthetic action, help cleanse the body of
toxins and poisonous substances.
Progress genetic engineering has opened new aspects of
roduction of recombinant proteins. Recombinant hirudin produced
y bacteria (Escherichia circle) or cells (Saccharotuces cervicial)
and is identical in structure and amino acid composition to native
hirudin except for the absence of tyrosine sulfate - 63.
Enzymes leeches positively affect the nervous system: the cause
growth of nerve cells and the appearance of these additional
processes. This means that enzymes n ‘appearances are
stimulants, under which the nerve cells are able to recover and
even grow.
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Currently, doctors use leeches in the treatment of
children with cerebral palsy. Thinks that in time these
natural "doctors" will deal with such serious illnesses
as multiple sclerosis, effects of stroke, Parkinson's
disease and Alzheimer's.
The conditions p "appearances
To keep leeches important to artificially create the
conditions of their lives as possible answered more
natural. Hold n ‘appearances is potted - in small
containers and artificial containers for biological __
factories where they deliver for breeding, catching in
the swamps.
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According to the order of Ministry of Health of
Ukraine dated 16.03.1993 Ne 44 "On the organization
of storage in retail establishments of different groups
of drugs and medical devices," storage of medical n
‘appearances should be light, odorless drug. Not
allowed various temperature fluctuations, as it
causes the death of leeches. Pharmacies leeches to
keep ی تب glass vessels, the rate of 3 liters
of water at 50-100 individuals. Young and energetic
leeches should be kept in a jar, and there are moving
in "yalo and slowly turning into a ball, you must keep
apart.
Leeches are placed in large quantities in a pot, in the
early days many isolated excrement, water staining
in green, indicating their healthy condition.
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Water for content leeches should
be clean, free from chlorine,
peroxide compounds, salts of
heavy metals, mechanical
impurities, be at room
temperature. The water in the
vessel should be changed daily,
zahotovlyayuchy its advance, two
days before use.
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Changing the water inside the bowl is
washed and then the neck vessels
covered with gauze and poured water
over it. The vessel is filled with clean
water to 1/3 cans. Irrational use of
leeches for boiled water, spring or
well, because the latter contains lime
particles that bad for the p
“appearance. Winter water change
after 7 days in summer 2 times a
week, in great heat - daily and must
change if the water appears green and
mucus with brown spots.
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