Over-the-Counter Drugs and Herbal and Dietary Supplements

Over-the-Counter Drugs and Herbal and Dietary Supplements

اسلاید 1: Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.1www.tabaye.ir

اسلاید 2: Over-the-Counter Drugs and Herbal and Dietary SupplementsCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

اسلاید 3: Over-the-Counter (OTC) DrugsNonprescription drugsUse for short-term treatment of common minor illnessesMore than 300,000 OTC drugs availableOTC Drug Review (1972)Safety and efficacyAppropriate labeling standardsReclassificationCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.3

اسلاید 4: Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.4

اسلاید 5: Over-the-Counter Drug LabelCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.5

اسلاید 6: Reclassified OTC Drugsibuprofen (Advil)naproxen (Aleve)diphenhydramine (Benadryl)loratadine (Claritin)famotidine (Pepcid AC)omeprazole (Prilosec OTC)Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.6

اسلاید 7: Classroom Response QuestionOTC medications now account for about what percent of all medications used in the United States?5%15%30%60%Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.7

اسلاید 8: Use of OTC Drugs: Potential HazardsMay postpone effective treatment of more chronic disease statesMay delay treatment of serious and/or life-threatening disordersMay relieve symptoms of a disorder but not the causeCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.8

اسلاید 9: Use of OTC Drugs: Potential Hazards (cont’d)ToxicityInteractions with current prescription medications may occurAbuse Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.9

اسلاید 10: Classroom Response QuestionA 56-year-old man is taking over-the-counter antacids for relief of indigestion. He tells the nurse that he consumes at least one bottle a week and has done so for over a month because “it works for me.” The nurse’s main concern is thatthis self-treatment is expensive.this self-treatment may be delaying treatment of a more serious problem.this self-treatment may be the best treatment of his indigestion.the long-term use of antacids may make the indigestion worse.Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.10

اسلاید 11: Classroom Response QuestionThe nurse associates use of which over-the-counter medication with the development of hepatotoxicity?acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)ibuprofen (Motrin)pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) acetaminophen (Tylenol)Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.11

اسلاید 12: Herbal and Dietary Supplements Dietary supplement—orally administered alternative medicines including herbal supplementsHerbs—plant components, including bark, berries, roots, leaves, gums, seeds, stems, and flowers, used for their medicinal qualitiesHerbal medicine—using herbs to healCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.12

اسلاید 13: Consumer Use of HerbsTherapeutic agents for treatment and cure of diseases Prophylactic agents for long-term prevention of diseaseProactive agents to maintain health and wellness and “boost” one’s immune systemCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.13

اسلاید 14: Conditions Treated with Herbal ProductsAnxietyColds and coughDepressionHeadacheInsomniaUlcersPremenstrual syndrome (PMS)Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.14ArthritisConstipationFeverInfectionStressWeakness

اسلاید 15: Commonly Used Herbal ProductsAloeFeverfewGingkoGoldensealSt. John’s wortValerianCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.15EchinaceaGarlicGinsengHawthornSaw palmetto

اسلاید 16: Herbal and Dietary Supplements Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994Herbal products are considered “dietary supplements”No proof of efficacy or safety requiredNo standards for quality controlMay claim effect but do not have to promise a specific cureCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.16

اسلاید 17: Alternative/ Complementary MedicineAlternative medicine—use of herbal products and other nontraditional remediesComplementary medicine—simultaneous use of both traditional and alternative medicineCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.17

اسلاید 18: Classroom Response QuestionA patient tells the nurse that he wants to stop taking his antilipemic drugs and start taking garlic to lower his cholesterol. The nurse’s best reply would be:“That decision is up to you.”“You have every right to switch to herbal remedies.”“You should not go against what the doctor has prescribed for you.”“Let’s explore the evidence that supports the use of garlic to lower your cholesterol.”Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.18

اسلاید 19: Nursing ImplicationsObtain thorough medication history, documenting all medications used (prescription, OTC, herbal products, vitamins, minerals, other dietary supplements)Assess level of education and understandingAssess for information specific to various products Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.19

اسلاید 20: Nursing Implications (cont’d)Assess system functions (especially renal, liver, and cardiac)Assess for conditions that are contraindicationsAssess for potential drug-drug and drug-herb interactionsCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.20

اسلاید 21: Nursing Implications (cont’d)Provide thorough and individualized patient educationEnsure that patients recognize that manufacturers of herbal products/dietary supplements are not required to prove safety and effectivenessCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.21

اسلاید 22: Nursing Implications (cont’d)Herbal products may not be safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women, infants, children“Natural” does not mean safeTeach patients to monitor themselves for unusual or adverse reactions as well as therapeutic responsesCopyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.22