صفحه 1:
ZIKA VIRUS
صفحه 2:
=)
* Flaviviridae
*SSRNA + enveloped
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* Zika virus disease is caused by a virus
transmitted primarily by Aedes
mosquitoes.
People with Zika virus disease can have
symptoms including mild fever, skin rash,
conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain,
malaise or headache
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Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first
identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys through a network
that monitored yellow fever.
It was later identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and
the United Republic of Tanzania.
Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been recorded in
Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific.
From the 1960s to 1980s, human infections were found
across Africa and Asia, typically accompanied by mild
illness.
The first large outbreak of disease caused by Zika
infection was reported from the Island of Yap (Federated
States of Micronesia) in 2007.
In July 2015 Brazil reported an association between Zika
virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrom.e 55
صفحه 5:
How Zika virus spread from Africa
1977-78: Pakistan,
Malaysia, Indonesia 2007.
= Yap, Micronesia
1947: Discovered 5
in Uganda 1 2013: 2014 52
_<— French Polynesia
~
تن
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Be
wn FIKA?
Zika is spread to people primarily through the bite of
an infected Aedes species mosquito(Aedes aegypti and
Aedes albopictus).
A pregnant woman can pass Zika to her fetus during
pregnancy or around the time of birth.
Also, a person with Zika can pass it to his or her sex
Aedes albopictus
صفحه 7:
NS
How the Zika Virus Enters the Human Population
"ieee ebm ne tem em htm Ag
fester att ng nd cal اانا مله
و
FOREIGN
RELATIONS
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GETTING ZIKA?
* The incubation period (the time from exposure to
symptoms) of Zika virus disease is not clear, but is likely
to be a few days.
* The symptoms are similar to other arbovirus infections
such as dengue, and include fever, skin rashes,
conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and
headache.
* These symptoms are usually mild and last for 2-7 days.
* Zika infection during pregnancy can cause a serious
birth defect called microcephaly and other severe fetal
brain defects. Current research suggests that Guillain-
Barre syndrome (GBS); however, only a small proportion
of people with recent Zika virus infection get GBS.
صفحه 9:
صفحه 10:
مت
٠ Microcephaly is a condition where a baby’s head is much
smaller than expected. During pregnancy, a baby’s head
grows because the baby’s brain grow
: Head circumference less than 32cm at birth
=)
‘iia
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Typical Typical
head size head size
4
Baby with Typical Baby with Baby with Severe
Head Size Moderate Microcephaly Microcephaly
1
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The zika virus attacks and destroys brain stem cells during
development causing incomplete brains and missing parts
linked with the following problems.
Seizures
Developmental delay, such as problems with speech orother
developmental milestones (like sitting, standing, and
walking)
Intellectual disability (decreased ability to learn and
function in daily life)
Problems with movement and balance
Feeding problems, such as difficulty swallowing
Hearing loss
Vision problems
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In a study that was conducted توطمتام0 صم 5, 2016, 6
consortium of doctors and scientists from Colombia and
Johns Hopkins Hospital examined 68 patients from six
Colombian hospitals.
Of the 68 Guillain-Barré patients, 66 had symptoms of Zika
infection before they came down with GBS.
They tested 42 of the patients for Zika virus using sensitive
molecular assays, and found that 17 of them (40%) had
detectable Zika virus.
They also found evidence of a possible link between GBS
and both Zika and dengue virus: 32 out of 37 Guillain-Barré
patients who were tested had antibodies to both Zika and
dengue
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Guillain-Barre
Syndrome
Affects nerves Brain
in the brain and
spinal cord
‘iia
صفحه 16:
90
CASES IN BRAZIL
1,708
2016
1,439 -.
204
a مد
Tingling in fingers
and toes
Muscle weakness in
Jegs and upper body
Difficulty walking,
~ steadily’
‘iia
SYMPTOMS INCLUDE
صفحه 17:
مه
* Zika virus usually remains in the blood of an infected
person for about a week
* Infection with Zika virus may be suspected based on
symptoms and recent history of travel (e.g. residence in
or travel to an area with active Zika virus transmission)
» Adiagnosis of Zika virus infection can only be
confirmed through laboratory tests on blood or other
body fluids, such as urine, vaginal fluids, saliva or
semen
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مت
١
jon (RUO, multiplex testing)
Commercial Diagnostic Tests for Zika
Vereen KPCR + Vela Diagnostics (RUO, multiplex testing) وش
Powe + Fast Track Diagnostics (RUO)
Altona Diagnostics RT-PCR kit (RUO in US; CE Mark
CDC IgM ELISA (FDA EUA approval) approval in Europe)
‘iia
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—
titi
* People sick with Zika virus should get plenty of rest,
drink enough fluids, and treat pain and fever with
common medicines.
+ Ifsymptoms worsen, they should seek medical care and
advice.
* There is currently no vaccine available
* Do not take aspirin and other non- steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) until dengue c =) ruled
out to reduce the risk of bleeding
صفحه 20:
مه
NON ظ
* Mosquito bites
* This can be done by wearing clothes (preferably light-
coloured) that cover as much of the body as possible;
* using physical barriers such as window screens or
closing doors and windows;
* sleeping under mosquito nets;
* and using insect repellent containing DEET, IR3535 or
icaridin according to the product label instructions
* Safe sex =
The end
‘iia
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* http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en
* http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-quides/zika-virus-s
mptoms-prevention
* https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html
* http://www.neim.org/doi/full/10.1056/NE|Moa1605
564#t=article